チリ で 生まれつき の 甲状腺 機能 低下 症 が 増加 し て いる
Francisca Grob1,2, Gabriel Cavada3, Gabriel Lobo4
1Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile.
International journal of neonatal screening
|August 22, 2025
まとめ
生まれながらの甲状腺機能低下 (CH) の発生率は,より軽度の症例のよりよい検出によって増加しています. この傾向は,新生児におけるCHの原因を理解するために継続的な監視の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 内分泌学
- 小児科
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 生まれながらの甲状腺機能低下 (CH) は,神経認知障害の主要な予防可能な原因です.
- 世界的にCHの発生率が上昇していることが観察されています.
- 新生児のスクリーニングはCHの早期発見と管理に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 27年間におけるCH発症の時間的傾向を記述する.
- CH率の増加の潜在的要因を特定する.
- 生化学的マーカー,妊娠年齢,および病因学的サブタイプの変化を分析する.
主な方法:
- チリ最大のスクリーニングセンターからの27年間の (1997-2023) 新生児スクリーニングデータの分析.
- 3,225,216人の新生児が含まれており,全国の出生数の51.1%を占めています.
- プライス・ウィンステンの回帰法で,年間CH発生率をモデル化し,関連する要因の傾向分析を行う.
主要な成果:
- 診断されたCH症例は1550例で,平均発生率は1万生児に4. 9であった.
- CHの年間発生率 (0. 067/10,000) が著しく増加した.
- 軽度のCH症例の増加,スクリーニングのTSH値の低下,T4値の上昇,甲状腺外膜症から低形成症への移行が観察されました.
結論:
- CHの発生率の持続的な増加は,より軽度の疾患の認識が強化されていることを示唆しています.
- TSH 値の低下と in situ 腺の検出の改善は,観測された傾向に寄与しています.
- CHの原因を明らかにするために,環境,ヨウ素栄養,遺伝的要因を統合したさらなる監視が推奨されます.
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