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関連する概念動画

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
2.7K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.1K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
2.7K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

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配列制御のニュートラルイオンマルチブロック型の共ポリマーを,ワンポットアプローチで切り替え可能なPIESAを通して

Fabian H Sobotta1, Bas G P van Ravensteijn2, Ilja K Voets1

  • 1Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

ACS macro letters
|August 22, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

この研究では,中性イオン共ポリマーの組成と配列を正確に制御するために,ポリメリゼーション誘発電気静的自己組み立て (PIESA) を導入します. このワンポットメソッドは,以前の制限を克服して,複雑なポリマー構造の作成を簡素化します.

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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
10:53

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

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科学分野:

  • ポリマー化学
  • 材料科学
  • 超分子化学

背景:

  • コントロールされた組成と配列を持つ共ポリマー,特にイオン群を持つ共ポリマーを合成することは,ポリマー科学における重要な課題である.
  • 複雑なポリマー構造を 作り出すための既存の方法は しばしば労働集約的で 時間がかかるものです
  • ポリメリゼーション誘発電気静的自己組立 (PIESA) を用いた以前の研究は,主にコアセルバートナノ構造に焦点を当てた.

研究 の 目的:

  • 中性イオン共ポリマーの組成と配列を制御するための直接的な"ポット"方法を開発する.
  • PIESAを使用して中性およびイオン単体混合物から複雑なポリマー鎖のトポロジーを作成します.
  • モノメアの反応性を調節し,ポリマー構造のオンデマンドプログラミングを達成するための新しいアプローチを実証する.

主な方法:

  • 水溶液中のポリメリゼーション誘発電気静的自己組み立て (PIESA) を利用した.
  • ニュートラルなモノメアよりも選択的に充電されたモテンプレートを採用し,分離した反応環境を作成します.
  • テンプレートの電荷密度を pH 調整 (酸性/アルカリ性) 経由でサイクルしてテンプレートの"ON"と"OFF"を切り替える.

主要な成果:

  • コポリマー組成と配列の精密な制御を"ポット"プロセスで達成した.
  • マルチブロックのような構造を交互に作るなど,複雑なチェーントポロジーを作成する能力を示した.
  • 特定のブロックの配列と組成のオンデマンドプログラミングを pH スイッチングサイクルの微調整で示した.

結論:

  • PIESAは,中性イオンコポリマー組成,配列,およびトポロジーを制御するために効果的に活用できます.
  • 超分子分割の選択的かつ可逆的な性質は,モノメアの反応性を調節するための強力な戦略を提供します.
  • この方法は,複雑なポリマー構造を合成するための直接的かつ効率的なアプローチを提供します.