HIVに起因する世界的な癌の負担:世界規模の発生率分析

Yue Huang¹, Damien Georges¹, Harriet Rumgay²

¹Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.

The Lancet. Global health

|August 22, 2025

まとめ

2022年には,HIVが世界の癌症例の0.4%を占め,地域格差は大きい. 子宮頸がん,カポシ肉腫,ノンホッジキンリンパ腫はHIVに起因する最も一般的な癌で,特にアフリカではそうでした.

科学分野:

世界保健
流行病学
腫瘍学

背景:

HIV感染者 (PLWH) は,HIVによる免疫抑制により,感染関連の癌のリスクが高くなります.
HIVに特異的に起因する世界的な癌の負担は,以前は推定されていなかった.

研究の目的:

2022年にHIVに起因する世界的なおよび地域的な癌の負担を推定する.
HIVに起因する癌の地域差を分析する.

主な方法:

HIV感染と因果関係のある9種類の癌を評価した.
メタ解析とHIV感染率データを用いて計算された集団関連分数 (PAF)
世界的ながん発生データ (GLOBOCAN 2022) に PAF を適用して,HIVに起因するがん症例と発生率を決定した.

主要な成果:

2022年には,推定81,300例の癌 (世界全体の0.4%) がHIVに起因していた.
子宮頸がん,カポシ肉腫,ノンホッジキンリンパ腫はHIVに起因する主要な癌でした.
HIVはアフリカ東部と南部の全がんの10%以上を占める

結論:

HIVに起因するガンの世界的な負担は,著しく変動しています.
発見は,地域特有のHIV制御戦略と,PLWHにおけるがんリスクを軽減するためのワクチン接種やスクリーニングなどのがん介入を導くことができます.

さらに関連する動画

23:56

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

16.8K

13:58

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

31.7K

関連する概念動画

02:59

Cancer Prevention

6.3K

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...

6.3K

01:08

Prevalence and Incidence

802

In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...

802

01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

411

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

411

01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

5.3K

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...

5.3K

01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

5.4K

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

5.4K

01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

453

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...

453

関連する実験動画