幼児の積極的反応の発達における文化間の類似点と相違点
Helen Wefers1, Nils Schuhmacher1, Joscha Kärtner1
1Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
まとめ
幼児のポジティブ・エフェクトは早期に文化的な違いを示し,ドイツ人の赤ちゃんはエクアドル人の赤ちゃんよりも3ヶ月で多く示します. これらの違いは4.5ヶ月で減少し,感情的な発達にダイナミックな文化的および生物学的な影響を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 発達心理学
- 文化間の心理学
- 幼児 の 感情 的 な 発達
背景:
- 文化的民族論は親のやり取りと 幼児の感情的体験を形作る.
- 幼児期は 感情の調節と表現の発達にとって 重要な時期です
- 幼児の感情の 異文化間の違いを理解することで 自然と育児の相互作用を 洞察できます
研究 の 目的:
- 幼児期におけるポジティブな感情の発達における 異文化間の違いを調査する.
- 幼児の感情的反応性に対する文化的民族論の影響を検証する.
- 文化的な差異の発展軌跡を 探求する
主な方法:
- 陽気な感情を誘発する二次元的な相互作用を伴う 制御された実験室での研究
- 参加者の中には,都市部ドイツ (ミュンステル) と農村部エクアドル (キッチワ族の家庭) の3歳と4.5ヶ月の乳児も含まれていました.
- 乳児の高強度刺激に対する感情的反応が評価された.
主要な成果:
- 3ヶ月のムンスターの乳児は キッチワの乳児に比べて ポジティブな感情の強度が高いことが示されました
- これらの文化間の反応は4. 5ヶ月後には存在しなかった.
- 発見は,幼児のポジティブな影響の発達継続に関する自然主義的な研究を補完しています.
結論:
- 幼児のポジティブな影響における 異文化間の違いは早期に現れ 数ヶ月以内に減少する可能性があります
- 文化的に導かれた親と赤ちゃんの相互作用と 生物学的な傾向が 赤ちゃんの感情的発達を形作ります
- 幼児期は普遍的な発達パターンと 感情の表現における 文化特有の変化が特徴です
関連する概念動画
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
116
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
116
01:20Attachment
130
Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
130
01:21The Nativist Approach
128
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
128
03:34Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
44.4K
Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.
44.4K
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
78
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
78
01:14Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
778
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...
Exploration...
778