頭頸部がんの免疫療法:限界を克服し,有効性を高める

Hirofumi Shibata¹, Masashi Kuroki¹, Ryo Kawaura¹

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.

Cancer science

|August 23, 2025

まとめ

免疫チェックポイント阻害剤を含む免疫療法は,進行した頭頸部がん (HNCs) の生存効果を提供します. 新しい戦略とバイオマーカーは,HNSCC治療における応答率の改善と抵抗の克服に不可欠です.

科学分野:

腫瘍学と免疫学
癌研究
頭頸部がんの治療

背景:

頭頸部がん (HNC) は様々な悪性腫瘍を代表し,進行した段階では悪性発症の見込みが低い.
頭頸部状細胞癌 (HNSCC) は,免疫療法に関して最も研究されたHNCサブタイプです.
現在の免疫チェックポイント阻害薬 (ICI) は,再発性/転移性HNSCCにおいて,適度な反応率を示しており,改善された治療戦略が必要である.

研究の目的:

HNSCCを中心に,HNCに対する免疫療法の包括的なレビューを提供すること.
HNCの免疫療法における現在の課題と新興戦略について議論する.
腫瘍の微小環境と予測バイオマーカーの治療効果の役割を強調する.

主な方法:

HNSCCを重んじ,HNCに対する免疫療法に関する現在の文献のレビュー.
免疫チェックポイント阻害剤 (ICI) と新しい免疫療法アプローチに関する既存のデータの分析.
腫瘍の微小環境の役割と予測バイオマーカーの特定

主要な成果:

免疫チェックポイント阻害剤 (抗PD-1) は,再発性/転移性HNSCCの生存率を向上させるが,適度な応答率を示している.
ネオアジュバントおよびアジュバント免疫療法は,局所的に進行したHNSCCの病理的反応と生存を改善する可能性がある.
がんワクチン,TCR-T療法,免疫調節剤 (HDAC,TLR,VEGF阻害剤) のような新興戦略は,抗腫瘍免疫とICI応答性を強化することを目的としています.

結論:

進歩にもかかわらず,HNC,特にHNSCCに対する免疫療法の最適化には大きな課題が残っています.
腫瘍の微小環境を標的とし,予測バイオマーカー (PD-L1,TMB,TLS) を利用することは,患者の選択と治療結果を向上させるための鍵です.
将来の研究は,耐性メカニズムを克服し,HNCの臨床結果を改善するためのより効果的な免疫療法組み合わせを開発することに焦点を当てなければなりません.

キーワード:

がんワクチン頭頸部がん免疫細胞ベースの治療法ネオアジュバント免疫療法腫瘍の微小環境

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