早期発症の結腸直腸がんの増加:コホート効果
Laura Downham1, Mathieu Laversanne2, Sandra Perdomo3
1International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Early detection, Prevention and Infections Branch (EPR), Lyon, France.
Journal of the National Cancer Institute
|August 23, 2025
まとめ
早期発症の結腸直腸がん (eoCRC) の発生率は,若い世代で世界中で増加しています. 1990年代に生まれた人は 1960年代に生まれた人の5倍ものリスクがあり 懸念される傾向を示しています
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学
- エピデミオロジー
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 早期発症の結腸直腸がん (eoCRC) の発生率が世界的に増加している.
- 50歳未満の個体における結腸直腸がんと定義される.
研究 の 目的:
- 複数の国でエオCRCの発生率の長期的傾向を調査する.
- 性別による傾向を分析し,出生コホートに関連する要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- オーストラリア,カナダ,イギリス,米国からの長期的な癌発生データ (1995年またはそれ以前のデータ) を利用した.
- 傾向分析のための雇用年率推定変化 (EAPC) と年齢期間コホート (APC) モデル.
- 国と性別による層別分析
主要な成果:
- 調査されたすべての国では,1960年以来,連続した出生コホートでエオCRCの発生率が増加していることが示された.
- 1990年代に生まれた人は 1960年代に生まれた人より少なくとも5倍もリスクが高いのです
- すべての国で顕著なコホート効果が観察され,より若い年齢 (20~29歳) で発生率が急増した.
結論:
- この研究は,特に1990年代に生まれた者において,連続した出生コホートにおけるeOCRCの有意な増加を強調しています.
- 観察された傾向は,エオCRCに寄与する要因は,若さから始まり,時間とともに蓄積される曝露による可能性が生命の初期に発生することを示唆しています.
- 40歳以前に急激に増加していることは,早期のリスク要因と予防戦略に関するさらなる研究の必要性を強調しています.
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