子供 たち は 価値 の ない 物 を 平等 に 分け て ほしい と 要求 し て いる
Colin Jacobs1, Sebastian Grueneisen2, Harriet Over3
1University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Developmental science
|August 24, 2025
まとめ
幼い子供たちは不公平な扱いを拒絶し,不平等なものが望ましくない時でさえも. この不平等を拒絶するコストは 単なる物質的な利益ではなく 社会的関心が 子供の公平性の発達を促すことを示唆しています
科学分野:
- 発達心理学
- 行動経済学
- 社会神経科学
背景:
- 公平な開発には 不公平な結果を避けるために 個人が報酬を犠牲にする 不公平な不平等への嫌悪が含まれます
- 平等な尊重の仮説は,子供の公平性の決定は,単に物質的な考慮ではなく,人際的懸念によって影響されていると仮定します.
研究 の 目的:
- 不平等なアイテムが望ましくない場合,幼い子供たちが不利な不平等を拒絶するかどうかを調査する.
- 配給者の推論などの人際的要因が 子供の不公平の拒絶に影響するかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 4歳から7歳までの184人の子どもを対象に,事前に登録された3つの実験が行われました.
- 望ましくない物体の不平等な提供に対する子供の反応を分析した.
- 子供の拒絶行動に対する不平等な分配の理由の提供の影響が検討された.
主要な成果:
- 4歳の子供たちは 望ましくない物の不均等な配分に 嫌悪感を示しました
- 子供たちは,望ましくない物品を含む不公平を拒絶するために,高価値の報酬を犠牲にしようとした.
- 望ましくない物品の不平等なオファーを拒否する確率は,不平等の理由が提示されたときに減少しました.
結論:
- 個人的な関心が 莫大な費用をかけて 不公平を拒絶する動機となるのです 物質的な影響は 軽微なものであってもです
- 子どもの公平な判断は 単なる物質的な利益以上の 社会的・人間関係的な要因に 影響されます
- 早期の公平性の発達における社会的動機づけの役割を強調することで,平等の尊重の仮説を支持しています.
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