ヘパリンとカルシウム結合の熱力学:ポリサッカリドの生物機能に対する溶解と水構造化の影響
Brenna M Knight1,2, Connor M B Gallagher1,2, Michael D Schulz1,2
1Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.
まとめ
硫酸ヘパランとヘパリンは,水分を放出することによってカルシウムイオン (Ca2+) の結合を調節し,硫酸ヘパリンはより強い相互作用を示します. これは,水の構造とインターフェイスエネルギーに影響することで,生物鉱物化と細胞シグナル伝達に影響します.
科学分野:
- 生物化学
- 熱力学について
- バイオミネラル化
背景:
- ヘパラン硫酸は,様々な生物学的プロセスに不可欠な至る所に存在するバイオマクロモリキュールです.
- カルシウムイオン (Ca2+) の結合を調節する彼らの役割は,細胞シグナル伝達と生物鉱物化にとって極めて重要です.
- ヘパランおよび関連ポリサッカリドによるCa2+調節の熱力学的根拠は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 硫酸塩の含有量と位置がヘパランのCa2+結合熱力学にどのように影響するかを定量化する.
- カルシート結晶の界面エネルギーとCa2+結合熱力学を結びつける.
- Ca2+-ポリサッカリドの相互作用の熱力学的サインを解明する.
主な方法:
- イソテルミック・タイトレーション・カロミテリー (ITC) を用いて,Ca2+結合熱力学を測定した.
- 硫酸変異の異なるヘパロサンとヘパリンを分析した.
- ポリサッカライドへのカルシット核化のための界面エネルギー測定が行われました.
主要な成果:
- ヘパリンへのCa2+結合は,主に水分放出による好ましいエントロピーによるものです.
- ヘパリンは,O-硫酸塩とN-スルファミドの両方のグループで,ヘパロサンよりも約3倍強いCa2+結合を示した.
- より強いCa2+結合 (より大きなエントロピー項) は,CaCO3核化のより高い界面エネルギーと相関し,水構造の変化を示しています.
結論:
- 硫酸塩群の位置と種類は,ヘパリンにおけるCa2+結合親和性と熱力学を著しく調節する.
- Ca2+-ポリサカリド相互作用中の水の再構成は,生物鉱物化に関連する界面特性を決定する.
- Ca2+-ポリサッカリドの相互作用は,Ca2+-タンパク質結合とは異なるエンタルピー-エントロピーの補償によって支配される共通の熱力学シグネチャを共有しています.
関連する概念動画
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins
893
Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
893
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling
5.3K
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
5.3K
Drug Binding to Blood Components
249
When drugs enter systemic circulation, they interact with various components of the blood, including proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA), α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), lipoproteins, globulins, and red blood cells (RBCs).
HSA is the most abundant plasma protein and is vital in drug binding. It contains distinct drug-binding sites, with different drugs exhibiting affinity for specific sites. There are three main drug-binding domains for HSA: sites I, II, and III. These domains are...
HSA is the most abundant plasma protein and is vital in drug binding. It contains distinct drug-binding sites, with different drugs exhibiting affinity for specific sites. There are three main drug-binding domains for HSA: sites I, II, and III. These domains are...
249
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis
4.8K
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
4.8K
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin
2.4K
Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
2.4K
Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding
3.2K
Upon entering the systemic circulation, drugs can distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluid of various tissue cells. This distribution is facilitated by the binding of drugs to different cellular components within tissues, which may lead to drug accumulation in specific areas. Drugs bound to tissue components serve as reservoirs that release free drugs back into the system, prolonging the drug's overall action. However, this accumulation can also result in local toxicity.
For...
For...
3.2K


