Proneural gene Mash1 (Ascl1) は複数の系統で発現し,その分化と特異性を調節する
1Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan. kameda@med.kitasato-u.ac.jp.
Histochemistry and cell biology
|August 26, 2025
まとめ
転写因子Ascl1 (Mash1とも呼ばれる) は,神経系と神経内分泌細胞の発達に不可欠である. 欠乏すると,これらの重要な細胞の発達に重大な欠陥が生じます.
科学分野:
- 発達生物学
- 神経科学
- 細胞生物学
背景:
- Ascl1 (Mash1) は,ニューロンの祖先の発達に不可欠なbHLH転写因子である.
- ニューラル・クライスト細胞から派生した自律神経系 (交感性,副交感性,腸性) の分化を調節する.
- Ascl1は,頸動脈体,副腎髄,甲状腺C細胞,肺神経上皮体を含む様々な臓器における神経内分泌細胞の分化も制御する.
研究 の 目的:
- 神経細胞と神経内分泌細胞の系統の発達と分化におけるAscl1の重要な役割を調査する.
- 特定の細胞型と組織の形成にAscl1欠乏が及ぼす影響を理解する.
- Ascl1発現に影響を与える規制要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 発達の欠陥を観察するためにAscl1-null変異マウスの分析.
- カテコーラミンとセロトニンの発現を含む分化マーカーの検査
- Ascl1発現に対するPhox2bとHes1遺伝子の調節作用の調査.
主要な成果:
- Ascl1-null変異者は自律性ガンジリアと様々な神経内分泌細胞の発達と分化に欠陥がある.
- Ascl1欠乏したモデルでは,嗅覚の表皮と球体の発達が損なわれています.
- 中枢神経系の領域である弓状核,中腹頭脳,コアルーレウス,核経路ソリタリウスは除去または縮を示している.
- 影響を受けた細胞と組織は一貫してカテキオラミンおよび/またはセロトニンを発現します.
- Phox2bは転写活性化剤として作用し,Hes1はAscl1発現抑制剤として機能する.
結論:
- Ascl1は,幅広い種類の神経細胞と神経内分泌細胞の適切な発達と分化に不可欠です.
- その機能は,外周神経系と中枢神経系の両方,また異なる胚の起源の神経内分泌誘導体にも及ぶ.
- Ascl1の発現はPhox2bやHes1のような上流因子によって厳しく規制され,複雑な規制ネットワークを強調しています.
関連する概念動画
Determination
19.1K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
19.1K
Neurulation
42.6K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
42.6K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
3.1K
3.1K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
996
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
996
Notch Signaling Pathway
4.4K
The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
4.4K
Cis-regulatory Sequences
10.1K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
10.1K


