大学環境における小児歯科医の抗生物質処方実践

Evelina Kratunova¹, Justin Baik², David Avenetti³

¹Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA.

Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.)

|August 27, 2025

まとめ

小児の歯科用抗生物質の処方では,ガイドラインの適度な遵守が示されています. 不適切な処方箋は幼い子供や医学的問題のある患者でより一般的であり,抗生物質管理の改善の必要性を強調しています.

科学分野:

小児歯科
感染症
薬理学について

背景:

抗生物質耐性は世界的に懸念される問題です
適切な抗生物質の使用は効果的な治療と耐性の予防に不可欠です
アメリカ小児歯科学会 (AAPD) は,抗生物質の処方に関するベストプラクティスの推奨事項を提供しています.

研究の目的:

大学の小児歯科クリニックで抗生物質の処方パターンを評価する
抗生物質の選択,投与量,頻度,期間に関するAAPDガイドラインの遵守を評価する.
小児歯科患者の抗生物質の不適切な処方に関連する要因を特定する.

主な方法:

0歳から17歳までの279人の電子医療記録を 27ヶ月間遡及的に横断的に研究した.
患者の人口統計,診断,抗生物質の処方箋の詳細を分析する.
処方に影響を与える要因を特定するために,チ2テストとロジスティック回帰を含む統計的分析,信頼性のためにコーエンのカッパ.

主要な成果:

AAPDのガイドラインの総遵守率は61.6%でした.
不適切な処方箋は,0~7歳児と医学的問題のある患者でより頻繁に見られた (OR=2. 15).
永久歯 (OR=1. 95) と,体重による投与誤差 (6. 5%,主に投与量不足) も認められた. COVID-19 パンデミックは不適切な処方箋の割合を変化させなかった.

結論:

小児の歯科用抗生物質の処方では,AAPDのガイドラインに適度な順守が示されています.
患者の年齢,健康状態,および歯のタイプは,処方適性に影響を与える重要な要因です.
抗生物質管理プログラムの強化と薬剤師の教育は処方法を最適化するために不可欠です

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