マルチモダルの大型言語モデルを用いた色素皮膚病変の多種別分類
Kimi Iinuma1, Kazuyasu Fujii1, Chisa Nakashima1
1Dermatology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, JPN.
Cureus
|August 27, 2025
まとめ
微調整されたマルチモダル大言語モデル (MMLLM) は,臨床写真から一般的な色素皮膚病変を正確に分類します. このAIツールは 皮膚顕微鏡が利用できない場合に 診断支援を提供します
科学分野:
- 皮膚科における人工知能
- 医学画像分析
- コンピューター病理学
背景:
- 肌の色素の損傷は,標準的な写真の視覚的類似性のために診断上の課題を提示します.
- マルチモダル大型言語モデル (MMLLM) は,特にリソースが限られた環境では,画像ベースの診断補助として潜在性を示しています.
- 皮膚顕微鏡検査は 効果的ですが 全員が利用できるわけではありません 代替診断手段の必要性を 強調しています
研究 の 目的:
- 臨床写真のみを用いた8つの一般的な肌の色素疾患の分類における微調整MMLLMの精度を評価する.
- 皮質病変の非皮膚検査診断支援ツールとしてのMMLLMの可能性を評価する.
- 皮膚病変の予備的な評価のためのスケーラブルなソリューションを提供する.
主な方法:
- マルチモダルの大きな言語モデル (InstructBLIP-flan-t5-xl) は,ピグメントされた皮膚病変画像の979のキュレーションされたデータセットを使用して微調整されました.
- データセットには8種類の病変が含まれていた. 獲得した皮膚メラノサイトーシス,基礎細胞癌,エフェリス,悪性メラノーマ,メラズム,ネブス,セボレア性角膜症,太陽レンチゴ.
- モデルの性能はマクロ平均感度,特異性,F1スコア,およびROC AUCを使用して評価され,訓練中に病変のラベルが隠された.
主要な成果:
- 微調整されたMMLLMは,マクロ平均感度86.0%,特異性98.2%,F1スコア0.86を達成した.
- 受信器の動作特性曲線 (ROC AUC) 以下の面積は,8つの病変クラスのうち6つで0. 95を超えました.
- 悪性メラノーマは高い性能を示し (94%の感度,0. 98のROC AUC),ネブスは感度が低い (78%,0. 89のROC AUC).
結論:
- 精密調整されたMMLLMは,臨床写真のみを使用して一般的な色素の皮膚病変を正確に分類できます.
- このAI駆動的なアプローチは迅速な診断支援を提供し,特に皮膚検査にアクセスできない環境では価値があります.
- 将来の研究は,データセットの多様性を拡大し,マルチセンターの検証を行い,実際の臨床的有用性を評価することに焦点を当てるべきです.
関連する概念動画
Skin Cancer
4.5K
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
4.5K
Pigmentation
2.6K
The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
2.6K
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives
2.2K
The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
2.2K
Classification of Leukocytes
2.6K
Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
2.6K
Classification of Illness
7.9K
The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
7.9K
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium
10.0K
Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...
10.0K


