大規模な皮質機能ネットワークは,構造化されたサイクルで組織されています.
Mats W J van Es1, Cameron Higgins2,3, Chetan Gohil2,4,5
1Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity (OHBA), Oxford Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. mats.vanes@psych.ox.ac.uk.
Nature neuroscience
|August 27, 2025
まとめ
脳について
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 認知科学
- システム神経科学
背景:
- 注意力や記憶といった 認知機能には 適切な処理が必要です
- 特定の時間枠内で これらの機能を管理する脳の能力は 完全に理解されていません
- 周期的な活動パターンは 効率的な認知作業の遂行を 説明するかもしれません
研究 の 目的:
- 大規模な皮質機能ネットワークのタイムダイナミクスを調査する.
- 認知機能が周期的なパターンで 組織されているかどうかを判断する
- これらのサイクルと 認知能力の関係を探るため
主な方法:
- 5つの大きな磁気脳図 (MEG) データセットの分析.
- カノニカルな皮質機能ネットワークの時間的な進化を研究する.
- サイクルの強度と速度を測定する.
主要な成果:
- 皮質ネットワークのダイナミクスは ストキャスティックですが 堅固な周期的なパターンを表しています
- このサイクル構造は,特定のフェーズ (300-1,000 ms) で機能的に類似した状態を組織します.
- サイクルの強さやスピードは 遺伝的であり 年齢や認知能力や行動と相関しています
結論:
- 大規模な皮質機能ネットワークは本質的に周期的な方法で動作します
- この周期的な組織は 重要な認知機能の周期的な活性化を保証します
- 脳のネットワークのサイクル性は 認知能力と結びついた 遺伝的な特徴です
関連する概念動画
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation
2.6K
The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
2.6K
Neural Circuits
1.5K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
1.5K
Organization of the Brain
1.1K
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
1.1K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex
902
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
902
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II
2.5K
Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
2.5K
Association Areas of the Cortex
6.2K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
6.2K


