硫化物酸化と結合した微生物の酸化
Song-Can Chen1,2,3, Xiao-Min Li4,5, Nicola Battisti6
1State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. songcan.chen@zju.edu.cn.
Nature
|August 27, 2025
まとめ
微生物は現在,硫黄と鉄のサイクルを,鉄 (III) オキシドを用いて酸化することで結びつけることができる. この生物学的プロセスは無酸素環境において不可欠であり,地球全体の元素の循環に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 地化学
- 生地化学
背景:
- 微生物は地球の硫黄の循環を駆動しますが,その完全な能力と他の循環との統合は不明です.
- 硫化物の酸化と鉄酸化物の還元の結合は,以前は非生物的と考えられていた.
- 微生物が元素の循環に 果たす役割を理解することは 環境科学にとって極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 微生物の硫黄代謝と 鉄循環との統合を調査する.
- 硫化物の酸化と鉄 (III) オキシドの還元を結合できるプロカリオットを特定する.
- 硫黄と鉄の生地化学サイクルを結びつける生物学的メカニズムを特徴づける.
主な方法:
- プロカリオットの硫黄代謝の総合的なゲノム解析
- 硫黄変異遺伝子の遺伝学的な枠組み構築
- 培養生物からの代謝再構築と生理学的/トランスクリプトミックの証拠.
主要な成果:
- 硫黄の循環能力は,ほとんどの細菌とアーカイア系に広く存在しています.
- 多種多様なプロカリオットは硫化物の酸化と鉄 (III) 酸化物の呼吸を組み合わせると予測された.
- Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilusは,電子受容体として硫化物を鉄 ((III) と酸化することで,無生物的プロセスに勝って自己栄養的に成長することが示された.
結論:
- 新しい生物学的メカニズムは,微生物の硫黄酸化と無毒環境での鉄酸化減少を結びつける.
- この発見により 硫黄を循環する微生物の 既知の多様性が拡大しました
- 微生物は地球上の主要な元素の循環を 結びつける上で 根本的な役割を果たしています
関連する概念動画
01:28Microbial Nutrition
287
Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
287
01:30Anoxygenic Photosynthesis
143
Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a phototrophic process that captures light energy to drive carbon fixation without producing molecular oxygen. Unlike oxygenic photosynthesis, which utilizes water as an electron donor and releases oxygen, anoxygenic phototrophs use alternative electron donors such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), elemental sulfur (S⁰), or thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻). This process is carried out by diverse groups of bacteria, including purple bacteria, green...
143
01:15Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs
165
Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
165
01:28Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria
146
Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that perform photosynthesis without producing oxygen. They primarily include purple sulfur bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and green nonsulfur bacteria. These bacteria are classified into the Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Chlorobi, and Chloroflexi lineages, each with distinct physiological and ecological adaptations.Purple sulfur bacteria belong to the...
146
01:20Sulfur Assimilation
72
Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
72
01:28Carbon-dioxide Fixation
83
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
83