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The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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馬の下垂体パルス中介機能障害

Nicola J Menzies-Gow1

  • 1Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.

Veterinary sciences
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

下垂体パースインターメディア機能障害 (PPID) は,高齢馬における一般的な神経変性疾患である. 診断には臨床症状やACTH測定などの検査があり,治療の選択肢としてペルゴライドがあります.

キーワード:
ACTH について機能障害インスリンパース・インターメディアペルゴリド下垂体

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Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology
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Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
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Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
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科学分野:

  • 獣医神経学
  • 馬の内分泌学
  • 動物医学

背景:

  • 下垂体パース・インターメディア機能障害 (PPID) は,高齢馬に罹患する進行性神経変性疾患である.
  • それは下垂体神経の酸化損傷から生じ, 下垂体腺のパース・インターメディアの ドーパミナージック阻害を妨害する.
  • これはプロオピオメラノコルチン (POMC) に由来するホルモンの過剰生産とメラノ細胞の変化につながります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 馬のPPIDの病理生理学,臨床表現,診断方法,管理戦略を概説する.
  • 馬の福祉を向上させるための早期診断と総合的な管理の重要性を強調する.

主な方法:

  • 診断は,シグナル,特徴的な臨床症状 (例えば,高トリコシス,流出遅延),および診断検査に基づいています.
  • 主要な診断検査には,基礎腎上皮質ホルモン (ACTH) 測定と,チロトロフィン放出ホルモン (TRH) 検査に対するACTH反応が含まれます.
  • インスリン調節障害の検査は,PPIDと高インスリン血症の間の関連性のために非常に重要です.

主要な成果:

  • 示唆される臨床的徴候には,高トリコシス,異常な毛皮脱落,高汗症,筋肉縮,および乳膜炎が含まれます.
  • 診断の確認には,ホルモン検査 (ACTH,TRH応答) とインスリン調節の評価が含まれます.
  • PPIDは治癒しない 管理可能な終身疾患です

結論:

  • PPIDの早期診断と治療は,罹患した馬にとって不可欠です.
  • 治療には症状の緩和,食事の調整,ペルゴリドによる薬学的介入が含まれます.
  • 身体の状態とインスリン感受性を考慮した総合的なアプローチは,治療結果を最適化します.