SARS-CoV-2 の繰り返し発生する Spike A222V 変異は,初等鹿の肺細胞の複製を促進する
Chelsea Cereghino1,2, Kateland Tiller1,2, Lin Kang3,4,5
1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, 205 Duck Pond Drive, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
Virus evolution
|August 28, 2025
まとめ
深刻な急性呼吸器症候群のコロナウイルス2型 (SARS-CoV-2) 変異は動物に適応し,ヒトへの感染拡大リスクを増やす可能性があります. スパイクA222Vは鹿の適応を示し,動物集団の監視の必要性を強調しました.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 進化生物学
- "つの健康
背景:
- 深刻な急性呼吸器症候群の新型コロナウイルス2型 (SARS-CoV-2型) は,人間と動物の両方に感染する能力があるため,One Healthの枠組み内で重大な脅威となっている.
- 動物宿主へのウイルスの適応を可能にする変異を特定することは,持続的な動物貯蔵庫と,その後のヒトへの転移を防ぐために極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 実験的な進化と疫学的データを用いて動物宿主に適応するSARS-CoV-2変異を特定し,特徴づけること.
- ヒトと動物の細胞の両方でウイルスの複製に対する特定された突然変異の影響を決定する.
主な方法:
- SARS-CoV-2は,ACE2受容体を発現するヒト,犬,猫,ミンク,白尾鹿の細胞に伝達された.
- 適応性突然変異を特定するために,通過したウイルス集団のシーケンシング.
- 人間および動物由来株における収束進化パターンのSARS-CoV-2配列の分析.
- 人間および動物の肺細胞におけるSARS-CoV-2変種 (スパイクA222V) の構成および複製評価.
主要な成果:
- 猫のACE2発現細胞で特定されたSpike A222V変異は,ヒトと動物のSARS-CoV-2配列でも収束していることが判明しました.
- スパイクA222Vを持つSARS-CoV-2は,ヒトの肺細胞で野生型と同様の複製を行ったが,鹿のACE2受容体とは無関係に鹿の肺細胞で複製が強化された.
- 人間,犬,猫,ミンクのACE2受容体による感染は,スパイクA222Vの複製を減少させた.
結論:
- スパイクA222Vは 鹿に適応する突然変異です
- スパイクA222Vが鹿や他の感受性の高い動物種への感染に関連性を評価するには,さらなる研究が必要である.
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