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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
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パタゴニア で 減少 し て いる 本土 の ハチミツ と 侵襲 的 な ハチミツ の 間 の 寒さ 耐性 の 違い

Josefina Lohrmann1, Nicolás R Cecchetto1,2, Lican E Martínez1

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue and CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina.

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

地元のハチミツバチ Bombus dahlbomiiは 侵襲的なハチミツバチ Bombus terrestrisよりも 寒さに強い耐性を示しています しかし 寒さへの耐性は パタゴニアの侵入生物の 支配的存在を 説明できないのです

キーワード:
ボンブス・ダールボミ生物学的侵入ハチミツ寒さに耐える

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科学分野:

  • エコロジー
  • 進化生物学
  • 動物学

背景:

  • 温度は昆虫の生息と広がりに 大きく影響します
  • 熱耐性の違いは地理的分布と侵入の成功を説明できる.
  • パタゴニアの原産ハチミツバチは 侵略的なハチミツバチに 追い込まれています

研究 の 目的:

  • B. dahlbomii が B. terrestris に取って代わられる 寒さ耐性の役割を調査する.
  • 寒さに対する耐久性の違いが,その種の地理的分布と相関するかどうかを判断する.
  • 両種のハチミツの寒さ耐性の潜在的メカニズムを探る

主な方法:

  • 両種の南米分布の最低気温を評価した.
  • 寒冷性昏睡の発生と回復の温度を測定し,寒冷性耐性を定量化した.
  • 寒さへの適応の可能性として,形態学的特徴 (体格,髪の長さ) を調べた.

主要な成果:

  • 両種とも,その範囲で同様の最低気温に遭遇します.
  • B. dahlbomiiは寒さに耐えており,より低い温度で寒冷昏睡に陥り,B. terrestrisよりも早く回復する.
  • B. dahlbomiiの体積が大きくて毛が長くて,熱を保存するのに役立つが,パタゴニアでは餌を獲るのに有利ではない.

結論:

  • 寒さに耐えるだけでは,パタゴニアで侵入的なB. terrestrisの優位性を説明できません.
  • ネイティブ B. dahlbomiiは,寒い環境に生理学的および形態学的適応がより高い.
  • B. terrestrisの成功は,熱耐性,病気耐性,または生命歴の特徴などの他の要因に起因する可能性があります.