職場の特徴は 退職後の人格の発達に 関連しているのでしょうか?
Lena Schimanski1, Johanna Hartung1, Gizem Hülür1
1Department of Psychology, University of Bonn.
Psychology and aging
|August 28, 2025
まとめ
退職は人格に大きく影響し,退職者や非退職者の双方に神経症が減少します. 自主性とスキルの判断力などの退職前の仕事の特徴は,この人生の移行期間の人格の変化と限られた関連を示しました.
科学分野:
- 心理学
- 社会学
- ゲロントロジー
背景:
- 仕事は成人期における重要な発達背景であり,アイデンティティと日常生活に影響を与えます.
- 退職は社会的な文脈や 日常や 自己認識に大きな調整を必要とします
- 退職期間の仕事の特徴と人格の軌道を理解することは極めて重要ですが,あまり研究されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 退職後の5つの性格の変化と退職前の仕事の特徴との関連を調べる.
- 退職者の性格を 退職しない対照群と比較する
- 仕事の自律性,スキルの裁量,要求,努力が人格の発達に及ぼす影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- アメリカでのミッドライフ研究から得られた3波の縦断データです.
- 退職した286人の成人と 退職していない260人のデータを分析した.
- "ビッグファイブ"の性格特性を評価し 作業の自律性,スキルの裁量,要求,作業の努力
主要な成果:
- 退休者と非退休者の平均レベルでは神経症が有意に減少した.
- 経験への開放性は 退職者の間で著しく減少した.
- 退職者における神経症の減少と関連したスキルの高い裁量; 退職者における開放性の低い減少と関連した自律性の高い; 非退職者における外向性の低下.
結論:
- 退職前の仕事の特徴は,退職後の性格の変化に限られた影響を及ぼしているようです.
- 神経症や開放性の低下などの人格の変化は,退職時に起こりますが,以前の職場環境要因によって強く予測されません.
- 退職の背景における人格の発達とその潜在的メカニズムを調査するには,さらなる研究が必要である.
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