イエローストーン の 自由 に 移動 し て いる 大きな 野牛 の 群れ は,その 過去 の 生態 システム の 機能 を 垣間 見 て くれる
Chris Geremia1, E William Hamilton2, Jerod A Merkle3
1Yellowstone National Park, National Park Service, Mammoth, WY, USA.
まとめ
北米では 移動するバイソンの群れを 回復させることで 窒素の循環と 景観の栄養を 改善することで 生態系を安定させるのです これらの発見は 効率的な生態系の回復のために 多様なバイソン密度を取り入れることを示唆しています
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 生態系の動態
- 回復エコロジー
背景:
- 現在 バイソン の 回復 に 関する 努力 は,小規模 で 管理 さ れ て いる 群れ に 集中 し て いる.
- 大規模な移動牛の群れが 景観に及ぼす生態学的影響は ほとんど不明です
- これらの影響を理解することは 効果的な生態系の回復に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 北部のイエローストーン生態系における 炭素と窒素の動態に対する 移住するバイソンの大群の影響を評価する.
- 野牛の放牧が 景観の栄養の質と生態系の健康に 影響するかを調べる
- 将来のバイソン回復戦略を参考にするため
主な方法:
- 北部のイエローストーン生態系で炭素と窒素の循環を調査した.
- 地上の純生産量,窒素の回転量,栄養素のプールを分析した.
- バイソンの密度や生息地の種類が異なる地域における生態系反応の比較
主要な成果:
- バイソンは地上での純生産を安定させ,窒素の回転を加速した.
- 地上の窒素池は増加し,炭素池は安定し,景観の栄養素の質を高めました.
- 生態系の影響は,湿った栄養豊富な生息地で最も顕著であり,景観の回復力を示しています.
結論:
- 大規模な移動牛の群れは 景観の栄養の質と生態系の健康を 大きく改善します
- バイソンの回復は,生息地の異質性や密度の違いを考慮し,現在の牧草地管理ガイドラインを超えて進めなければなりません.
- 北米の生態系の回復には バイソンの生態学的役割を 完全に受け入れることが重要です
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