馬のGSDMCロクスの選択と人間の移動性への影響
Xuexue Liu1,2,3, Yaozhen Jia2, Jianfei Pan1,2
1Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse (CNRS/Université de Toulouse), Toulouse, France.
まとめ
馬の家畜化には5000年ほど前に 行動の早期選択 (ZFPM1) が含まれていた. GSDMCの後の選択 (約4750年前) は,人間の社会にとって重要な身体の形状と移動性を形成しました.
科学分野:
- 動物遺伝学
- 考古学
- 進化生物学
背景:
- 馬の家畜化が 人類の歴史に 深い影響を及ぼしましたが 遺伝的根拠は ほとんど知られていません
- 馬の進化の軌道を理解すると 人間と動物の共同進化の洞察が得られます
研究 の 目的:
- 馬の家畜化に伴う 選択の遺伝子シグネチャーを特定する
- 馬を飼いならした初期段階の タイミングと特定の遺伝子を特定するためです
主な方法:
- 広範囲の馬ゲノム・タイムシリーズの全ゲノム分析
- 重要な特徴と関連した266の遺伝子マーカーの 選択シグネチャースキャンです
主要な成果:
- ~5000年前にZFPM1遺伝子で有意なポジティブセレクションシグネチャーが特定され,可調性のための早期選択を示唆した.
- GSDMCの集中的な選択は, ~4750年前に始まり, ~4150年前に規制変種が高い頻度に達した.
- GSDMCの遺伝子型は,馬の体格と,マウスの脊椎の解剖学,運動調整,筋肉の強さと関連しています.
結論:
- ZFPM1の影響を受けた化は,馬の化における初期のステップだった可能性が高い.
- GSDMCのスタンド・バリエーションの選択は,馬の移動性を向上させ,約4200年前に人間社会への統合を促進するために重要でした.
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