過去の赤線化が現在の病院の位置と規模に及ぼす影響
Shuo Jim Huang1, Kaitlynn S Robinson-Ector1, Neil Jay Sehgal2
1University of Maryland Institute for Health Computing, 6116 Executive Blvd, Ste 200, North Bethesda, MD, 20816, USA.
Health & place
|August 28, 2025
まとめ
歴史的な赤線化は現在の病院の分布に大きく影響している. 病院は以前は赤線地域に集中しており 医療の格差を悪化させ 医療が不足している地域への投資の必要性を示しています
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 医療サービス研究
- 都市計画
背景:
- 病院へのアクセス,質,結果において 人種差異が続いている.
- 地理的な格差は逆説的です 病院の近接は公平なケアを保証しません
- レッドラインのような歴史的な政府の政策は,近所の開発と資源配分に影響を与えることで,これらの格差を説明することができます.
研究 の 目的:
- 住宅所有者ローン株式会社 (HOLC) のレッドライン分類と現在の病院の位置と規模との関連を調査する.
- 過去の差別的な住宅政策が 医療インフラの空間的分布をどのように形づけたのかを理解する
主な方法:
- 2023年国土インフラ財団レベルの病院データセットから病院の位置データを利用しました.
- マッピング不平等データセット,特に1930年代のHOLCマップからレッドラインデータとカテゴリーを取り入れた.
- 各HOLCカテゴリー内の土地面積の比率に基づいて,ピアソン・チ2テストを使用して,病院とベッドの観測数を予想数と比較した.
主要な成果:
- 病院はHOLC D (レッドライン) 地域では20.5%多く,HOLC A (ベスト) 地域では35.6%少ないことが判明しました.
- 病院のベッドの格差はさらに大きく,D領域では56.5%の過剰,A領域では44.7%,B領域では5.2%,C領域では20.8%でした.
結論:
- 病院の位置とベッドの配分は,1930年代のHOLCのレッドライン分類に基づいて,米国全体で明らかに不均一です.
- 第二次世界大戦後の病院の容量の拡大は 歴史的に差別的な政策を利用したのかもしれない.
- 病院は 過去の不公正を解決し 地域社会への投資を増やすことで 医療の公平性を促進する 重要な機会を得ています
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