アメリカの電力市場における電気送電の価値とその要因
Julie Mulvaney Kemp1, Dev Millstein2, Will Gorman2
1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. jmulvaneykemp@lbl.gov.
Nature communications
|August 28, 2025
まとめ
送電インフラへの投資は大きな価値をもたらし,年間1GWあたり1億1600万ドルを節約する可能性がある. 高い価値にもかかわらず,開発は障壁に直面しており,ネットワークインフラストラクチャの計画改善の必要性を示しています.
科学分野:
- 電気工学
- エネルギー経済学
- ネットワークインフラ
背景:
- 送電インフラストラクチャは,特に極端な天候や供給中断の際に,ネットワークの信頼性にとって極めて重要です.
- 低コストの電気システムの実現にも 重要な役割を果たしています
- 輸送の経済的価値と費用対効果を理解することは,戦略的発展にとって不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 米国における追加電力輸送能力の経済的価値を定量化する.
- 送電インフラ開発の費用対効果を評価する.
- 重要なネットワークインフラの拡大を妨げている障壁を特定する.
主な方法:
- 2012年から2022年までの米国のエネルギー市場価格の分析
- 地域間の追加送電能力の中間値の計算
- 年間輸送インフラストラクチャのコストと市場価値の比較
主要な成果:
- 地域間の追加送電容量は,年間1GWあたり1億1600万ドルの中位値であった.
- 送電の市場価値は集中しており,5%の時間は,短期的な運用変化により,総価値の少なくとも45%を占めています.
- 年間インフラストラクチャのコストはしばしば市場価値より低く,地域間のリンクの価値比は4を超えた.
結論:
- 電力輸送能力の拡大には大きな経済的価値と費用対効果がある.
- 重要なネットワークインフラの開発に障壁がある可能性が高い.
- 改善されたエネルギーシステムのためのグリッドインフラストラクチャのモデリングと計画を強化する努力をサポートします.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
01:23Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability
178
The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
178
01:25Power System Distribution
312
Power system distribution involves delivering electrical energy from power plants to consumers through a network of transmission and distribution systems. The process begins at power plants, where energy from coal, gas, nuclear, water, and wind is converted into electrical energy. These plants use three-phase generators, typically rated between 50 to 1300 MVA, with terminal voltages ranging from a few kV to 20 kV, depending on the size and age of the units.
The transmission system is designed...
The transmission system is designed...
312
01:25Secondary Distribution
130
Secondary distribution systems provide electrical energy at the utilization voltage levels from distribution transformers to customer meters. Typical secondary voltages in the United States include 120/240 V for residential use, 208Y/120 V for residential and commercial use, and 480Y/277 V for industrial and high-rise commercial use.
In residential areas, 120/240 V single-phase, three-wire service is commonly used for lighting, outlets, and large appliances. Urban areas with high-density loads...
In residential areas, 120/240 V single-phase, three-wire service is commonly used for lighting, outlets, and large appliances. Urban areas with high-density loads...
130
01:21Generator Voltage Control
243
Generator voltage control is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of synchronous generators and wind turbines. In older models, a DC generator driven by the rotor delivers DC power to the rotor's field winding, and the power is transferred through slip rings and brushes. In the latest models, static or brushless exciters are used. Static exciters rectify AC power from the generator terminals and then transfer the DC power directly to the rotor. Brushless exciters, on the other hand,...
243
01:30Control of Power Flow
316
There are several methods to control power flow in power systems:
316
01:26The Power Flow Problem and Solution
340
Power flow problem analysis is fundamental for determining real and reactive power flows in network components, such as transmission lines, transformers, and loads. The power system's single-line diagram provides data on the bus, transmission line, and transformer. Each bus k in the system is characterized by four key variables: voltage magnitude Vk, phase angle δk, real power Pk, and reactive power Qk. Two of these four variables are inputs, while the...
340