インドのオディシャ州の部族が多数を占める地区の1~15歳児の間で,土壌から伝染するヘルミント感染症の流行と決定因子
Sunil Kumar Sethi1, Nityananda Mandal1, Manisha Jnyanajyoti1
1Department of Public Health, ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
The Indian journal of medical research
|August 29, 2025
まとめ
土壌から伝達されるヘルミント (STH) 感染症はオディシャの部族の13.2%に感染し,フックワームが最も一般的です. 露天での排便はSTHのリスクを大幅に高め,衛生と衛生プログラムの改善の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 感染症
- 小児科
背景:
- 土壌から伝染するヘルミント (STH) 感染症は,世界の主要な健康問題であり,15億人以上の人々,特に子供に影響を与え,発達上の問題を引き起こす.
- 大量薬物投与 (MDA) のような制御の努力にもかかわらず,インドでは STH 感染症が特に脆弱な集団で蔓延しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 1~15歳児におけるSTH感染の流行,種類,および関連する危険因子を決定する.
- インドのオディシャ州の部族が 主流を占める地域でのSTH感染を調査する.
主な方法:
- オディシャ州のナバランガプール地区の5区画にわたる30のクラスターで横断的な調査が行われました.
- 1927年の子供たちの糞便サンプルを,STH卵を検出し定量化するために,カト・カッツ技術を使用して顕微鏡で検査した.
- 栄養状態と認知の発達は,人体測定とヴィンランド成熟度テストスケール (VSMS) を用いて評価された.
主要な成果:
- 1927人の子供のうち合計255人 (13.2%) が少なくとも1つのSTH種に感染した.
- ハックワームは71. 3%のSTHで,次にアスカリス lumbricoides (28. 2%) でした.
- オープンデフェケーションは,より高いSTH感染率の重要な危険因子として特定され,ほとんどの感染は軽度 (90. 5%) であった.
結論:
- オディシャの調査された部族地域の子供たちは,STH感染のリスクが高い.
- リスク要因の修正,衛生,衛生状態,MDAの遵守に焦点を当てた統合戦略は,STHの制御に不可欠です.
- 介入は,コミュニティの意識向上,衛生上の改善,アルベンダゾールの一貫した投与を優先すべきです.
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