自閉症スペクトル障害,早産,典型的な発達を持つ幼児における呼吸器鼻腔不律の発達
Jessica Bradshaw1,2, John E Richards1,2, Julia Yurkovic-Harding1,2
1Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
まとめ
呼吸器副鼻腔動脈不全 (RSA) の発症が乳児で研究されました. 後に自閉症スペクトル障害 (ASD) と診断された乳児は,典型的に発達している同級生とは異なり,9〜24ヶ月間でRSAが上昇した.
科学分野:
- 自律神経系の発達
- 小児の神経発達
- 心臓呼吸器の相互作用
背景:
- 呼吸神経突起不律 (RSA) は,親交感活動と適応性を反映しています.
- 下部休息RSAは早産と自閉症スペクトル障害 (ASD) と関連しています.
- 早産の乳児やASDのリスクが高い乳児の早期RSA発症はほとんど不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- 休息時のRSAと平均インタービート間隔 (IBI) の発達経路を,ASDのリスクが異なる乳児の1〜24ヶ月間を調べる.
- RSA と IBI の発達を,早産 (PT),ASD (EL) の高い確率,ASD (LL) の低い確率で比較する.
主な方法:
- 1~24ヶ月の137人の乳児を対象とした長期的研究
- 休息中のRSAとIBIを追跡する
- 幼児の分類は,ASDの確率 (EL,LL) と発達上の結果 (ASD,神経変性 (ND),典型的発達 (TD)) に基づいています.
- 発達軌跡とグループ差異を分析するために使用される混合効果モデル.
主要な成果:
- RSAと平均IBIは,すべてのグループで1〜24ヶ月間増加し,最初の6ヶ月で最も速い成長でした.
- 胎児は最初はRSAとIBIが低かったが,早産を修正すると正常化した.
- 後でASDと診断された乳児は9~24ヶ月間でRSAが上昇し,TDとNDの乳児と区別された.
結論:
- 後にASDと診断された乳児の休息時のRSAが上昇することは,社会的モニタリング,注意調節,またはストレス反応の変化を示す可能性があります.
- 発見は,自閉症の高齢の子供の低RSAと対照的に,自律機能の発達変化を示唆しています.
- RSAはASDの早期生体マーカーとしてさらなる調査が必要である.
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