人種・少数民族のメディケア受給者の臨床研究への参加: IDEAS研究からの証拠
Sidra Haye1,2, Patricia Ferido1,2, Mireille Jacobson2,3
1USC Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
まとめ
臨床研究参加者の人口統計は 対象となる集団とはしばしば異なる. IDEASの研究では,参加者のグループ内の人種的および民族的マイノリティは,社会経済的および保険のプロフィールが,適格者と比較して異なることが判明し,一般化に影響を与えました.
科学分野:
- 臨床研究
- 健康の格差
- 医療用画像検査
背景:
- 臨床研究における人種的・民族的格差は,対象となる集団に関するデータが限られているため,十分に理解されていない.
- イメージング・デメンシア・エビデンス・フォー・アミロイド・スキャニング (IDEAS) 研究は,これらの格差を調査する機会を提供します.
- 参加者の特徴を理解することは,研究の一般化性を確保するために極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- IDEAS研究に参加したメディケア受給者の特徴と,参加資格のある人の特徴を比較する.
- 社会経済的な地位,保険加入,地理的な位置の違いを特定する
- これらの差異が臨床研究結果の一般化に与える影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 2016年から2017年のメディケアの請求データを100%利用しました.
- IDEAS研究に参加した受益者と,参加資格のある受益者を特定した.
- 2つのグループ間の人口,社会経済,保険の特徴を比較した.
主要な成果:
- 11,480人の参加者と 3,008,067人の受益者が特定されました.
- IDEAS参加者は都市部に住んでおり,メディケアとメディケイドの二重登録やメディケア・アドバンテージプランを持つ可能性が低い.
- IDEASの研究の黒人とヒスパニック系参加者は 収入の高い郡に住んでおり 適格な参加者よりも健康でした
結論:
- 臨床研究に参加している人種や少数民族の参加者は,対象となる集団と比べて社会経済や保険の特徴が異なる.
- これらの違いは,特に IDEAS のような研究における臨床研究結果の一般化に影響を与える可能性があります.
- 将来の研究は,臨床試験参加者の集団の代表性を向上させることを目指すべきです.
関連する概念動画
Ethics in Research
24.0K
Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
24.0K
Surveys
15.3K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
15.3K
Blinding
2.6K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
2.6K
Study Designs in Epidemiology
410
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
410
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
91.4K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
91.4K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
174
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
174


