ワクチンによる季節性インフルエンザの予防と制御:予防接種慣行に関する諮問委員会の勧告 - アメリカ合衆国,2025-26年のインフルエンザシーズン
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
|August 29, 2025
まとめ
6ヶ月以上の人は,毎年インフルエンザワクチンを接種することが推奨されています. 2025-26年シーズンの重要な更新は,特定のグループのためのチメロサールフリー,単回投与の配方に焦点を当てた新しいワクチン組成と年齢承認が含まれています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- ワクチン学
- 流行病学について
背景:
- 予防接種慣行に関する諮問委員会 (ACIP) は,米国における季節性インフルエンザワクチンの年間推奨事項を提供します.
- 予防接種は6ヶ月以上の方々に推奨されます.
- 2025-26年のシーズンには,様々な三価無活性化 (IIV3),再結合型 (RIV3),および活体弱化型 (LAIV3) インフルエンザワクチン製剤が予想されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 季節性インフルエンザワクチンの2024~25年の推奨を2025~26年の季節に更新する.
- インフルエンザワクチンの可用性,徴候,投与の変更について,医療従事者および一般の人々に知らせる.
主な方法:
- 来季のインフルエンザワクチンの抗原組成に関するデータのレビューと合成.
- インフルエンザワクチン製剤と年齢指標に関する最近の食品医薬品局 (FDA) の承認を検討する.
- 科学的証拠と公衆衛生上の考慮に基づいたACIPの最新勧告の策定
主要な成果:
- 2025~26年の米国における季節性インフルエンザワクチンの抗原成分が決定されました.
- FluMist (LAIV3) は現在,自己投与または介護者投与に承認されています.
- Flublok (RIV3) の年齢指標は9歳以上 (以前は18歳以上) の個人を含むように拡張されています.
- 新しいACIPの勧告:子供 (≤18歳),妊婦,およびすべての成人は,チメロサールを含まない,単回投与のインフルエンザワクチンを投与すべきである.
結論:
- 2025~26年のインフルエンザシーズンは,ワクチンの組成を更新し,特定のワクチンの年齢承認を拡大します.
- 重要な推奨事項は,小児,妊婦,およびすべての成人のための単一用量,チメロサールフリー製剤の使用を強調しています.
- 医療従事者向けに,最適なインフルエンザ予防戦略を確保するための包括的なガイドラインが用意されています.
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