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関連する概念動画

Rolling Without Slipping01:09

Rolling Without Slipping

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People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is...
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Rolling With Slipping01:14

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Rolling with slipping is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a rolling object experiences both rotational and linear motion but also experiences frictional forces that cause slipping. This phenomenon can occur in various situations, such as when a tire rolls on a wet road or a ball rolls on a rough surface.
An object's rolling motion is characterized by its rotation around its axis, while linear motion refers to the object's translational motion along a surface. Frictional forces can...
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Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft01:23

Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft

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Effective lubrication between a rotating shaft and its bearing housing is essential in rotating machinery to minimize friction, wear, and energy loss. With carefully controlled thickness and viscosity, the lubricant layer prevents metal-to-metal contact, ensuring smooth operation.
To calculate the required thickness of the lubricant layer, the tangential velocity at the shaft's surface must first be determined. This velocity is calculated by converting the rotational speed to angular...
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Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Accelerating Fluids01:17

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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
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Characteristics of Fluids01:31

Characteristics of Fluids

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Fluids differ from solids primarily in their molecular structure and stress response. Solids have tightly packed molecules with strong intermolecular forces, maintaining their shape and resisting deformation. In contrast, fluids have molecules spaced farther apart with weaker forces, allowing them to flow and deform easily.
Fluids, which include both liquids and gases, are substances that deform continuously under shearing stress. For example, water and oil are liquids with molecules that can...
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アクティブ・クリスタル・ロータの滑り方と流動化

Abraham Mauleon-Amieva1,2, Tanniemola B Liverpool3, Ian Williams4

  • 1H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK.

Soft matter
|August 29, 2025
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まとめ

六角形の結晶の活性コロイドは,静的状態と滑動状態の間の移行で,スティック・スライドのダイナミクスを示します. この行動は ナノスケールでの摩擦と 活性物質のデザインの 洞察を与えてくれます

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関連する実験動画

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科学分野:

  • 物理学
  • 材料科学
  • 柔らかい物質の物理

背景:

  • 均衡系におけるナノスケールの摩擦と結晶の収束を制御する.
  • 活性物質の研究では,相対性の概念が浮上しています.
  • アクティブ・コロイドは 均衡の物理を超えた現象を 探求するためのモデル・システムを 提供します

研究 の 目的:

  • 閉じ込められた結晶における活性コロイドの実験プラットフォームと理論的枠組みを開発する.
  • 粒子の活動と結晶構造の相互作用を調査する
  • 自己切断,フローの逆転,アクティブスティック・スリップのような新しいダイナミクスを理解する.

主な方法:

  • 円形の幾何学に閉じ込められたクインケ・ローラーを用いた活性コロイド結晶の実験的実現.
  • 61粒の完全な六角形の結晶に 焦点を当てて下さい
  • 活性水力学とFrenkel-Kontorova (FK) の拡張モデルを用いた理論的記述.

主要な成果:

  • 粒子の固体性と自己推進の間の競争が観察され,自己剥離と流れの逆転につながった.
  • アクティブ・スティック・スリップ・ダイナミクスを発見し,相応の静的状態と不相応の自己滑り状態の間の移行を特徴とした.
  • 自己滑り中の活動誘発の融解と局所的欠陥を特定した.

結論:

  • 活発なコロイド結晶は,自己推進によって誘導されるスティック・スリップの振る舞いを含め,豊富なダイナミクスを示します.
  • この発見は,活性固体とその潜在的な応用を理解するためのモデルシステムを提供します.
  • この研究は 活性物質を用いた ナノスケールアセンブリとロボット工学の 設計原理を提供します