衝撃負荷の活動における骨筋調節反射の役割:フィードバック制御メカニズムに関する新しい見解
Eser Kalaoglu1, Nilgun Yildiz2, Selim Sezikli1
1İstanbul Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye.
European journal of applied physiology
|August 29, 2025
まとめ
ジャンプ中の短時間レテンシー反射 (SLR) は,従来のストレッチ反射よりも骨筋調節反射 (BMR) に近い. これは,BMRが衝突時に骨と筋肉を保護することを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- バイオメカニクス
- 神経生理学
- 骨格 筋肉 の 反射
背景:
- ショートラテンシーレフレクスト (SLR) は,ジャンプにおける地面接触後,しばしば筋肉のスパインドルストレッチレフレクストに起因する.
- 新しい証拠は,骨筋調節反射 (BMR) を,この急速な反応のより統合された説明として提案しています.
研究 の 目的:
- SLR,T-リフレックス,BMRの遅延を比較する.
- 衝突時の筋肉への機械的刺激の伝達遅延を評価する.
主な方法:
- 健康な成人に2つの実験を行いました.
- 実験1では,表面EMGを使用してT反射,SLRおよびBMRの遅延を測定しました.
- 刺激から筋肉への機械的伝達遅延を記録するために,実験2は筋肉内EMGを使用しました.
主要な成果:
- SLR (45. 8ミリ秒) とBMR (43. 0ミリ秒) の遅延は,T反射の遅延 (35. 0ミリ秒) よりも著しく長かった.
- SLRとBMRの遅延間に有意な違いは見つかりませんでした.
- 機械的な伝送の遅延は短かった (2. 8−4. 3ミリ秒),遅い筋肉の伸縮はSLRの遅延を説明しないことを示している.
結論:
- SLRのレイテンシーは 典型的なストレッチ・レフレクストよりも 筋トレのレフレクストに 合わせています
- BMRは,衝突時に反射収縮を促進する骨の保護メカニズムであると仮定されています.
- この反射は,ダイナミックな負荷の間に骨と筋の整合性を保ちます.
関連する概念動画
01:19Impact Loading
280
Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...
In cases of elastic deformation,...
280
01:22Somatic Spinal Reflexes
2.7K
Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
2.7K
01:29Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones
11.8K
Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
11.8K
01:40Bone Remodeling
38.5K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
38.5K
01:08Reflex Activity
2.0K
A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
2.0K
01:29Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles
3.7K
The period of muscle contraction primarily influences the duration of stimulation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the presence of free calcium ions in the sarcoplasm, and the availability of energy or ATP to support contractions.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open....
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open....
3.7K