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多剤療法患者における急性腎損傷の発生率とリスク要因: システマティック・レビューとメタ解析
Fengxue Yang1, Linfang Zhu2, Bing Cao3
1Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. fengxue.yang12@gmail.com.
International journal of clinical pharmacy
|August 29, 2025
まとめ
多剤薬は急性腎臓損傷 (AKI) のリスクを大幅に高め,18%の患者に影響する. 主要なリスク要因は,高い薬剤負担と既にある状態であり,標準化された定義とより安全な処方箋の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 腎臓科
- 高齢者医療
- 臨床薬理学
背景:
- 多剤療法 (複数薬の使用) は,多病性のある高齢者の間で一般的です.
- 急性腎臓損傷 (AKI) を含む薬剤による有害事象のリスクを増加させる.
- 薬剤によるAKIは入院,費用,死亡率に寄与しますが,ポリファーマシーにおけるその発生率とリスク要因はよく定義されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- ポリファーマに曝された成人のAKIの発生率を推定する.
- 多剤薬剤によるAKIに関連した主要な薬物関連および臨床的危険因子を特定する.
主な方法:
- PRISMAのガイドラインに沿った体系的なレビューとメタ分析.
- ポリファーマシーとAKIに関する観察研究 (≥18年) の国際的および中国のデータベースを検索した.
- ランダム効果のメタアナリシスを利用し,AKIの発生率とリスク因子に関するナラティブ・シンセシスをまとめた.
主要な成果:
- 30万2千人以上の参加者を含む10件の研究;6件のメタ解析.
- 多剤薬局患者におけるAKIの集団発生率は18% (95%CI2%,45%) であった.
- 危険因子:高い薬物負担,心臓血管薬の組み合わせ,腎臓毒性物質,腎臓機能障害,脆弱性,集中治療への曝露
結論:
- 多剤薬はAKIの発生率,特に入院患者および脆弱な患者の増加と有意に関連しています.
- 多剤薬学の定義の多様性は,証拠の合成と比較を妨げています.
- 標準化された用語とリスク調整された処方箋は,薬の安全性と腎臓のアウトカムにとって不可欠です.
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