50歳以上のインド人の白内障による視覚障害と白内障手術サービスへのアクセス障害
Vivek Gupta1, Praveen Vashist1, S Sarath1
1Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
Indian journal of ophthalmology
|August 29, 2025
まとめ
インドの50歳以上の成人の12.9%が白内障に関連した視力障害 (VI) に罹患しています. 白内障手術の主要な障壁は 需要の欠如と認識されていて 意識と社会的支援の必要性を強調しています
科学分野:
- 眼科について
- 公衆衛生
- 流行病学について
背景:
- 白内障は,世界的に視力障害 (VI) の主要な原因です.
- インドにおける白内障VIの流行と関連因子を理解することは 標的を絞った介入に不可欠です
- 以前の研究では 眼科へのアクセスが 地域によって違っていることが 明らかになりました
研究 の 目的:
- インドの50歳以上の人々の白内障による視力障害 (VI) の罹患率を推定する.
- 白内障VIに関連する要因を特定する.
- 白内障の手術サービスへのアクセスの障壁を特定する.
主な方法:
- 8万5135人の参加者を対象としたインド国立盲目および視覚障害調査 (2015年−2018年) のデータ分析.
- 白内障に関連したVIの定義には,白内障の存在,ピンホールによる6/12または3/60未満の視力の低下,その他の回避可能なVIの原因が含まれていた.
- 罹患率,確率比,そして手術をしない理由を計算した.
主要な成果:
- 白内障に関連したVIの罹患率は12. 9% (ピンホール視敏度 < 6/12) と3. 0% (ピンホール視敏度 < 3/ 60) であった.
- 高齢化と識字率の低下に伴い,女性ではより高い罹患率が観察されました.
- 白内障手術に対する主な障壁は"必要がない" (< 6/ 12の48. 1%,< 3/ 60の27. 8%) でした.
結論:
- インドでは白内障による視力障害が 深刻な公衆衛生問題となっています
- 社会的決定因子に対処し,白内障手術の利点に対する認識を高めることが不可欠です.
- 障壁を克服し,適切な手術サービスへのアクセスを改善するために,ターゲットを絞った戦略が必要です.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
01:22Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
6.5K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.5K
01:25Glaucoma: Overview
745
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
745
01:21Barriers to Effective Communication II
3.8K
The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
3.8K
01:28Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
669
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
669
01:27Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
557
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
557
01:16Focusing of Light in the Eye
3.2K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
3.2K