インドの45歳以上の成人の間における閉塞性肺疾患の罹患率と相関値:インドにおける長期老化研究の結果
T V Sekher1, Emma Nichols2,3, Sundeep Salvi4,5
1International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
PloS one
|August 29, 2025
まとめ
阻害性肺疾患は45歳以上のインド人の14.4%で,男性や高齢者の割合が高くなります. 病気に対する認識は極めて低いままであり,公衆衛生上の重大な課題を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 肺医学
- 流行病学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 阻害性肺疾患 (OLD) は,インドで重大な健康上の負担となっています.
- 現存する罹患率の推定では,客観的な肺機能測定が欠けています.
- スピロメトリーを用いたOLDの流行に関する国家レベルのデータは少ない.
研究 の 目的:
- 客観的な肺機能データを用いて,45歳以上のインド人成人の閉塞性肺疾患の罹患率を推定する.
- 地域,年齢,性別の格差を調査する.
- 客観的なOLD率,呼吸器系症状,自己報告された診断の重複を調査し,関連する危険因子を特定する.
主な方法:
- スピロメトリーを含むインドにおける長期老化研究 (N=31,103) のデータを利用した.
- サンプル選択のバイアスを調整するために逆確率の加重法を使用した.
- OLDの流行を定量化し,人口統計的要因,リスク要因,自己報告された診断との関連を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 閉塞性肺疾患の総罹患率は14. 4% (95%CI: 13. 4 - 15. 4) であった.
- 男性の罹患率は女性より著しく高く,年齢とともに増加した.
- 病気の認識は著しく低く,罹患した男性の12. 0%と罹患した女性の11. 0%だけが,以前に肺疾患の診断を受けたと報告した.
結論:
- 高い罹患率と低病意識は,インドにおけるOLDの予防と管理に大きな課題となっています.
- 地域における有意な多様性が観察され,調整後も維持された.
- 多面的な戦略は不可欠であり,リスク要因の削減と診断/管理インフラを改善することに焦点を当てています.
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