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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
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Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
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Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

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An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

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日常の肝臓リズム:形態学的および分子的な振動を組み合わせる

Ueli Schibler1, Flore Sinturel2, Felix Naef3

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sciences III, Geneva CH-1205, Switzerland.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 29, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

肝臓

キーワード:
アクチン細胞骨格日常的な肝臓のサイズリボソームアセンブリ同期する

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Author Spotlight: In Vitro Investigations of Circadian Rhythms in Multicellular Systems
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Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
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Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

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Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

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Author Spotlight: In Vitro Investigations of Circadian Rhythms in Multicellular Systems
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Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
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科学分野:

  • クロノバイオロジー
  • 分子生物学
  • ヘパトロジー

背景:

  • 哺乳類の生理は,階層的な昼夜時計システムによって支配され,上皮神経核 (SCN) がマスターペースメーカーである.
  • 代謝適応に不可欠な肝臓は 遺伝子発現,タンパク質合成,解毒の毎日のリズムを示しています
  • 肝臓の質量と肝細胞の形状は 24時間間で大きく変動します

研究 の 目的:

  • 肝臓の質量と肝細胞の大きさの昼間振動の背後にあるメカニズムを調査する.
  • これらの昼夜リズムを調節するアクチン細胞骨格と関連するシグナル伝達経路の役割を調査する.
  • これらの細胞の変化が 肝臓の時計の同期に 寄与する仕組みを理解するためです

主な方法:

  • 肝臓の質量,肝細胞のサイズ,RNA,タンパク質の蓄積の毎日の変動を研究するためにマウスモデルを使用した.
  • リボソームの含有量とタンパク質合成率との相関を分析した.
  • アクチン細胞骨格の動態と,ミオカルディン関連の転写因子-血清応答因子 (MRTF-SRF) 信号によるその調節を調査した.

主要な成果:

  • ネズミの肝臓の質量は毎日30~40%変動し,肝細胞のサイズと全体的なタンパク質/RNA濃度のリズム的な変化が伴います.
  • リボソームの多さは肝臓のサイズと相関し,昼間のタンパク質合成の速度を制限する要因として作用する.
  • 肝細胞のアクチン細胞骨格は,肝臓の最大サイズに一致する夜間にF-アクチンの束が組み立てられ,重要なポリメリゼーションサイクルを経験します.

結論:

  • 肝臓の循環リズムは,肝細胞のサイズとリボソームの含有量の振動によって引き起こされ,タンパク質合成に影響します.
  • 肝細胞におけるアクチンポリメリゼーションサイクルは,サイズ変動中に細胞の強さを維持するために不可欠です.
  • アクチンダイナミクスの影響を受けたMRTF-SRFシグナリングは,PER2のような時計遺伝子の昼夜転写に役割を果たし,肝臓の時計を同期します.