ステラ細胞の選択的腸内疾患への脆弱性:中部腸内皮質の神経解剖学的変化

Ayishal B Mydeen¹, Mohammed M Nakhal¹, Faheema Nafees¹

¹Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.

Frontiers in neuroanatomy

|August 29, 2025

まとめ

抗生物質が誘発した腸内不活性症は,中部腸内皮質の星状細胞デンドライトを選択的に損傷する. この腸-脳軸の効果は微生物群を強調しています

科学分野:

神経科学
微生物学
腸-脳軸の研究

背景:

腸内微生物群は腸内微生物群-脳軸を通して脳の構造と機能に決定的な影響を及ぼします
抗生物質誘発性腸障害 (AIGD) は神経解剖学的変化と認知障害に関連しています.
空間記憶に不可欠な中枢内皮質層II (mECII) のニューロン形態にAIGDの特定の影響は十分に理解されていません.

研究の目的:

mECII星状およびピラミッド状の島細胞の樹状構造に対する抗生物質誘発性腸内疾患の影響を調査する.
mECIIにおける腸内微生物の組成と神経細胞の形態の関係を探求する.

主な方法:

AIGDを誘発するためにマウスに投与された抗生物質のカクテル.
16S rRNA配列解析により分析された腸内微生物の組成.
ショル分析で評価されたゴルジ染色 mECIIニューロンのデンドリティック複合性;Iba1染色で評価されたマイクログリア活性化.

主要な成果:

AIGDは,有益なブチラート産生菌群の枯渇と炎症誘発性細菌の増殖によって特徴づけられる重要な腸内不活性症を引き起こした.
mECIIの星状細胞は顕著なデンドリット性縮を示したが,ピラミッド状の島細胞は影響を受けなかった.
デンドライトの複雑さは, *Roseburia hominis* と正の相関関係を示し, *Enterococcus faecalis* と負の相関関係を示した.

結論:

AIGDは,局所的なマイクログリア活性化とは無関係に,外周免疫信号伝達または微生物代謝物によって媒介される可能性のある,mECII星状細胞の形態を選択的に変化させる.
この研究は,腸内微生物群が中間腸内皮質内の神経構造を形作る役割を強調しています.
この発見は,腸内不活性症に関連した神経解剖学的変化を緩和するための微生物群を標的とした戦略の開発を支持する.

キーワード:

デンドリット形質ディスバイオシス中部内皮質微生物群と腸と脳の軸ピラミッド状の島細胞ステラート細胞

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