パーキンソン病とアルツハイマー病の潜在的病原体としての腸内障害

Jacob M Pfaffinger¹, Kallie E Hays¹, Jason Seeley¹

¹Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Englewood, CO, United States.

Frontiers in neuroscience

|August 29, 2025

まとめ

腸内微生物群の変化,特に有益なバクテリアの減少と有害なバクテリアの増加は,アルツハイマー病とパーキンソン病における神経炎症とタンパク質の誤折りを引き起こします.

科学分野:

神経科学
微生物学
免疫学

背景:

アルツハイマー病 (AD) やパーキンソン病 (PD) のような神経変性疾患は人口の高齢化とともに増加しています
現在の治療法では,ADとPDの進行を止めることも,逆転させることもできません.
腸内微生物群と腸-脳軸は人間の様々な病気に関与しています

研究の目的:

ADとPDの病原性における腸内微生物不活性化の役割を検討する.
腸内細菌が神経疾患の発症や進行にどう影響するかを調べる
神経炎症に関与する特定の細菌とその産物を特定する.

主な方法:

マイクロバイオーム-腸-脳軸に関する現在の研究を統合したナラティブレビュー
ADとPD患者の特定の細菌分類の分析と対照群の分析
短鎖脂肪酸 (SCFA) やリポポリサッカリド (LPS) のような微生物代謝物の検査

主要な成果:

AD/ PD患者では,SCFAを生成する細菌の減少とLPS発現する細菌の増加が観察されました.
SCFAやLPSのような微生物は神経炎症やタンパク質の誤折りを引き起こします
潜在的メカニズムには,全身の炎症, 血液脳壁の透過性の変化, 神経経路が含まれます.

結論:

腸内微生物不活性症はADとPDの病原性の潜在的な要因です.
微生物のメカニズムを理解することで標的型治療が可能になります
原因関係を確立し,介入策を策定するためにさらなる研究が必要である.

キーワード:

アルツハイマー病パーキンソン病ディスバイオシス炎症リポポリサッカライド微生物群神経変性短鎖脂肪酸

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