B型肝炎とC型肝炎の流行と認知度およびワクチンによるB型肝炎に対する免疫:カナダ保健測定調査 (2016年−2019年) の調査結果
Simone Périnet1, Anson Williams1, Qiuying Yang1
1Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON.
まとめ
この研究は,カナダにおけるB型肝炎ウイルス (HBV) とC型肝炎ウイルス (HCV) の感染率を推定した. 発症率が低いことが明らかになったが,これらの感染症に対する認識を高める必要があることを強調した.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 流行病学
- 感染症
背景:
- B型肝炎ウイルス (HBV) とC型肝炎ウイルス (HCV) は,カナダにおける重大な公衆衛生上の問題である.
- HBVとHCVを公衆衛生上の問題として排除するには,正確な疫学データが必要です.
- これらの感染症の現在の負担を理解するために,横断的なデータは極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- カナダにおける現在のHBV感染 (B型肝炎表面抗原陽性) の流行率を推定する.
- HBV 感染を 知っている人の割合を 調べる
- ワクチンによるHBV免疫を評価し,HCV抗体および現在のHCV感染 (RNA陽性) の有病率を推定し,HCV感染の認識を含む.
主な方法:
- カナダ保健対策調査 (CHMS) サイクル5と6 (2016年−2019年) に参加した7,543人のデータを利用した.
- 血清はHBVとHCVの状態を検査し,社会統計学的情報と感染意識のためのCHMSアンケートデータと関連付けました.
- CHMSとバイオバンクへの参加率は42.8%でした.
主要な成果:
- 現在のHBV感染の推定流行率は0. 4% (14~79歳) で,その状態の認識は49. 0%であった.
- ワクチンによるHBV免疫は39. 0% (11~79歳) の患者で認められた.
- 抗HCVの流行率は0. 5% (14歳から79歳) で,現在のHCV感染 (RNA陽性) は0. 2%で,認識者の51. 2%でした.
結論:
- ウイルス性肝炎の負担を評価するために,全国的に代表的な横断調査データは不可欠です.
- この研究は,カナダにおけるHBVとHCVに関する重要な疫学的な推定値を提供します.
- この結果は,ウイルス性肝炎の排除のための継続的な監視と公衆衛生イニシアチブの重要性を強調しています.
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