禁食は1型糖尿病患者にも影響する腸内微生物のシグネチャー変化を引き起こします
Franziska A Graef1, Bettina Berger2, Lina S Bahr3
1Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Frontiers in endocrinology
|August 29, 2025
まとめ
長期間の断食は1型糖尿病 (T1D) の患者の腸内微生物群を著しく変化させ,非糖尿病患者と似ています. これらの断食による微生物群の変化は 病気の種類とは無関係で 治療的な効果がある可能性があります
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 免疫学
- 代謝科学
背景:
- 腸内微生物群は1型糖尿病 (T1D) の病原化に関与しています.
- 栄養介入は腸内微生物群を調節し,T1Dの補完的な治療法として機能する.
- 長期にわたる治療的断食は 自己免疫疾患や 健康な人の腸内微生物群に影響します
研究 の 目的:
- T1D患者の腸内微生物群に 長期間の断食が及ぼす影響を調査する.
- 禁食による微生物群の変化が 疾患特有かどうかを判断する.
- 断食後の微生物群の変化と臨床パラメータの相関性を調べる
主な方法:
- 長期にわたる治療的な断食中のT1D患者による試験試験.
- 腸内微生物の組成と構造の変化の分析
- T1D患者の微生物群と非糖尿病の対照群および多発性硬化症患者の比較
- 微生物群の変化と臨床パラメータ (コレステロール,血圧) の相関分析
主要な成果:
- 禁食はT1Dの腸内微生物群を大幅に変化させ,非糖尿病の対照群と収束させた.
- 断食後の微生物群の変化は,多発性硬化症患者と重複し,非自己免疫集団との一致を示した.
- 断食によって引き起こされる微生物群のシグネチャーは,宿主の健康状態や病気のタイプとは無関係です.
- 特定のバクテリア系 (オシロスピラセア,ラクノスピラセア) とT1D患者のコレステロールと血圧の変化との間に有意な関連性が見つかりました.
結論:
- 栄養素の利用可能性は 代謝の多様化によって引き起こされ 疾患にかかわらず 腸内微生物の組成を形作る 重要な要因です
- 断食は様々な健康状態において 一貫した微生物群のシグネチャーを生み出します
- 禁食による微生物群の変化とT1Dにおける臨床的利益との間の因果関係を確立するには,さらなる研究が必要である.
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