腸不活性症は,冠動脈疾患の高齢者の血液脳壁の浸透性および認知機能低下と関連している
Lichao Di1, Peiying Huang1, Yeju He2
1Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Frontiers in aging neuroscience
|August 29, 2025
まとめ
冠動脈疾患と軽度の認知障害を持つ高齢者は腸内不活性症を示し,微生物の多様性が低下し,血液脳壁の浸透性と認知機能の低下に関連している.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 微生物学
- 心臓病科
背景:
- 腸-脳軸は腸の微生物群を通して 神経学的健康に影響します
- 冠動脈疾患 (CHD) や軽度の認知障害 (MCI) の高齢患者の腸内微生物群,血脳障壁 (BBB) の整合性,および認知機能の相互作用は十分に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 腸内微生物の組成,BBBの整体性,および心臓病およびMCIの高齢者の認知機能との関係を調査する.
- MCIと正常な認知 (NC) の人の間でこれらの要因を比較する.
主な方法:
- 冠動脈疾患を持つ40人の高齢者をNC (n=20) とMCI (n=20) に分類した.
- 腸内微生物群の評価のために16S rRNA遺伝子配列を用いて糞便のサンプルを分析した.
- 動的コントラスト強化磁気共鳴画像 (DCE-MRI) を用いて,海馬のBBBの浸透性を定量化した.
主要な成果:
- MCI患者では,NC患者と比較して,腸内微生物のアルファ多様性が著しく低下し,ベータ多様性のプロファイルがはっきりと示されました.
- Faecalibacterium と Oscillospira を含む,短鎖脂肪酸 (SCFA) を生産する主要な分類体は,MCI群で枯渇した.
- MCI患者におけるBBBの浸透性の上昇は,FaecalibacteriumおよびOscillospiraの多量と逆相関し,認知スコアと正相関していた.
結論:
- CHDとMCIの高齢者は,重大な腸内不活性化,微生物の多様性の減少,SCFA産生型の枯渇を示しています.
- これらの微生物の変異は,BBBの浸透性の増加と認知機能の低下と相関しています.
- 腸内微生物群をターゲットにすることは,この集団における認知機能低下に対する潜在的な治療戦略を表す可能性があります.
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