持続可能な畜産のための抗生物質の代替手段"ワン・ヘルス"のアプローチ:共通の敵に対処する
Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu1, Faith A Omonijo1, Laurie C Piché2
1Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
Frontiers in veterinary science
|August 29, 2025
まとめ
抗菌成長促進剤 (AGP) は家畜の生産性を改善したが,抗菌耐性 (AMR) を引き起こした. 有効なAGPの代替品は少ないため,抗菌剤耐性緩和と持続可能な畜産のための戦略を組み合わせる研究が必要である.
科学分野:
- 動物科学
- 獣医学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 抗菌成長促進剤 (AGP) は,成長促進と疾病予防のために家畜で広く使用され,世界の食品動物産業に大きく貢献しました.
- 利益にもかかわらず,AGPの使用は広範囲にわたる抗菌剤耐性 (AMR) に繋がり,One Healthの枠組みの下で人間,動物,環境の健康に大きな脅威をもたらしました.
- AGPの世界的な禁止は,家畜の生産性と健康を維持するための効果的な代替品の緊急の特定と開発を必要とします.
研究 の 目的:
- 禁止前と後の抗菌増殖促進剤 (AGP) の現在の使用傾向を見直す.
- 報告されたAGPの代替品の有効性,作用方法,および経済的影響を評価する.
- 有効なAGPの代替品を開発し,AGPのない畜産を促進するための課題,研究ギャップ,将来の戦略を特定する.
主な方法:
- AGPの使用,AMR,および代替戦略に関する研究の包括的な文献レビュー.
- さまざまなAGP代替品のメリットとメカニズムに関する研究結果の分析
- 効果的な代替案の開発を阻害する経済的影響と要因の検討
主要な成果:
- AGPの使用は, ~70%の抗菌剤が食用動物に使用され,AMRの懸念に大きく貢献しました.
- 現在のAGPの代替品は一貫性のない有効性を示しており,抗菌機能を完全に複製する代替品は1つもありません.
- 代替案の経済的影響は様々であり,多くの要因が,広く効果的な解決策の探求を妨げています.
結論:
- 効果的なAGPの代替品の探求には,単一の製品ではなく,組み合わせたアプローチに焦点を当てた研究が求められます.
- 代替品の経済的・メカニズム的な側面を理解することは,AGPのないシステムで成功するために不可欠です.
- 将来の戦略は,抗菌剤耐性に対抗しながら,持続可能な畜産を確保するための研究ギャップに対処しなければなりません.
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