発達言語障害のある生徒とない生徒の間で,文脈とグレードにわたる非主流の特徴の使用
Alison Eisel Hendricks1, Nathan M Beers1
1Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, NY.
American journal of speech-language pathology
|August 29, 2025
まとめ
発達言語障害 (DLD) の子供は,典型的な言語の仲間よりも非主流のアメリカ英語 (NMAE) の特徴を使用します. アフリカ系アメリカ人英語話者の正確な言語評価を伝えるために,DLDの幼稚園児のNMAEの使用率が高くなります.
科学分野:
- 言語学
- 発達心理学
- スピーチ・ランゲージ・パスロジー
背景:
- 標準化された言語評価は,非主流のアメリカ英語 (NMAE) を話す子どもの言語的レパートリーを完全に捉えることはできません.
- NMAEの特徴の使用を理解することは,発達性言語障害 (DLD) を有したり無したりする子供の正確な診断と介入に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 小学生のNMAE特徴の生産に対する会話の文脈とグレードの影響を調査する.
- DLD の子供と典型的な言語 (TL) の同級生間のNMAE機能の使用を比較する.
主な方法:
- 幼稚園から2年生 (N=69) のアフリカ系アメリカ人英語話の子供たちが参加しました.
- 参加者は言語能力の測定と 物語と会話のタスクを完了しました
- 一般化された線形混合モデルでは,グレード,コンテキスト,DLDステータスの効果を40のコード化されたNMAE特性で分析した.
主要な成果:
- DLDの子供たちは,TLの同級生と比較して,NMAEの特徴を生成する確率が著しく高かった.
- 会話の文脈はNMAEの使用に同じように影響しましたが,DLDの子供たちはNMAEの特徴を全体的により頻繁に使用しました.
- 幼稚園児のDLDは NMAEの特徴の生成が 高齢の同級生よりも高いことが示され, 物語の再述の課題と関連している可能性がある.
結論:
- AAEを話す子供の言語能力の臨床評価には会話の文脈が不可欠です.
- NMAEの特徴自体は言語障害を示すものではありません.
- NMAEの特徴の違いを認識することは,AEEを話す学生のための公平で正確な言語評価の開発の鍵です.
さらに関連する動画
08:05Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
Published on: June 30, 2020
7.7K
06:15Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
Published on: October 3, 2018
7.8K
関連する概念動画
Learning Disabilities
271
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
271
Language Development
444
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
444
Language and Cognition
438
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
438
Components of Language
388
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
388
Autism Spectrum Disorder
335
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
335
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
141
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
141
