精神疾患で急性小児科に入院した子供や若者のリスク軽減戦略:物語の統合による体系的レビュー
Takawira C Marufu1,2,3, Aikaterina Kaltsa1, Zaki Albelbisi1
1Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
まとめ
この研究では,精神疾患の危機にある子供や若者に対するリスク管理戦略が検討されました. 病院での急性症状の自己傷害や自殺のリスクを軽減するために 6つの重要な戦略が特定されました.
科学分野:
- 小児の精神的健康
- 臨床心理学
- 病院の管理
背景:
- 精神疾患を患っている子供や若者の数は増えており 病院で治療を受けています
- 危機状態のCYPはしばしば自己傷害や自殺傾向を示し,入院中に強力なリスク評価と管理を必要とします.
- 効果的な戦略は,小児の入院精神保健医療における自殺や自傷のリスクを軽減するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 急性小児精神保健施設に入院したCYPにおける自傷や自殺に対するリスク管理経路を体系的に特定し評価する.
- 病院環境におけるリスクの高い若者の管理のための効果的な介入に関する証拠をまとめます.
- 脆弱な若い患者の安全性に関する臨床実務と政策を伝える.
主な方法:
- 2022年2月までの8つの学術データベースの体系的なレビューが行われました.
- 研究は批判的評価スキルプログラム (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme,CASP) を用いて 方法論的厳格性を評価した.
- 急性精神衛生危機におけるCYPのリスク管理経路に関する適切な研究を選択するために,含有基準を事前に定義した.
主要な成果:
- 5つの研究は,最初の120件の潜在研究から得られた含有基準を満たした.
- 6つの異なるリスク軽減戦略が特定されました:安全集団,緊急の精神医学レビュー (2時間以内),スクリーニングに関するフィードバック,動機付けの介入,恒常的な1:1の観察,環境安全.
- これらの戦略は,環境,家族,個々のCYPケアに関する機器,監視,コミュニケーションの変更を含んでいた.
結論:
- 精神疾患の危機におけるCYPの効果的なリスク管理には,多面的なアプローチが必要です.
- 特定された戦略は,環境,家族,個人レベルの介入を通じて安全性を高めることを目的としています.
- これらの根拠に基づいた戦略のさらなる研究と実施は,小児急性ケア環境で推奨されます.
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