オフショア風力タービンは,建造物内および周辺のベンティック二次生産ホットスポットです
Jennifer Dannheim1, Jan Beermann1, Joop W P Coolen2
1Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, PO Box 120161, Bremerhaven, 27515, Germany.
Journal of environmental management
|August 29, 2025
まとめ
北海の海上風力発電所では 汚染された地域社会に栄養素を放出し 周辺の軟底生息地や生態系に 影響を及ぼします
科学分野:
- 海洋生態学
- ベンティック生態学
- 再生可能エネルギーの影響
背景:
- 気候変動は再生可能エネルギーの拡大を促し,海上風力発電所 (OWF) の増加を促しています.
- OWFは軟底生態系に人工的な硬質基板を導入し,生態学的影響は不明である.
- 海洋環境における エネルギー流れの変化を理解することは 極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- OWFの内側や周辺に生息する動物群の二次生産をモデル化すること.
- タービンの基礎から 周囲の海底への エネルギー移転を定量化します
- OWFによって引き起こされる生産の変化の空間的範囲を評価する.
主な方法:
- 南北海のOWFからの硬質と軟質基板のデータを組み合わせた分析.
- タービンの基礎に生じる汚れを集める二次生産のモデル化
- 汎用添加混合モデル (GAMM) を軟底動物データに適用する.
主要な成果:
- タービンの汚染地域は 柔らかい基板地域より80倍高い二次生産を示しました
- 汚染物質のおよそ71%が周囲の堆積物に放出されます.
- 高層のソフトボトム生産はタービンから150〜250mまで広がり,生産インパクトエリア (PIA) を生み出します.
結論:
- OWFは地下層のエネルギー流を大きく変えており,汚染された地域から大量にエネルギーが生成されます.
- タービン周辺の生産"ハロー"効果は,OWFの面積の約11%に影響します.
- プランクトンから頂点の捕食者まで 海洋生態系にカスケーディング効果があるかもしれません
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