英国における子どもおよび若者 (年齢16歳未満) の新しい脳腫瘍の診断および管理に及ぼすCOVID-19のパンデミックの影響
Sara Venturini1,2, Kalsoom Akhter3, Shivani Rajkumar3
1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. sv465@cam.ac.uk.
まとめ
COVID-19 パンデミックは,イギリスにおける脳腫瘍の診断,治療時間,または治療結果に大きな影響を与えない. 小児神経腫瘍学サービスは,このパンデミックの間も回復力を維持しました.
科学分野:
- 小児神経腫瘍学
- 脳腫瘍の流行病学
- 感染症のパンデミックが医療に与える影響
背景:
- COVID-19 パンデミックは,世界的に医療制度を大幅に混乱させた.
- 脳腫瘍を患っている子供など 脆弱な集団への影響を理解することは 極めて重要です
- 小児神経腫瘍学サービスは,このパンデミックでユニークな課題に直面しました.
研究 の 目的:
- イギリスの子供と若者の脳腫瘍 (CYP) の診断と管理にCOVID-19の影響を評価する.
- パンデミック前およびパンデミック中に脳腫瘍と診断されたCYPの臨床結果を評価する.
- パンデミック中の急性小児神経腫瘍学サービスの回復力を決定する.
主な方法:
- イギリスでの遡及的観察研究
- 全国における脳腫瘍発生率データ (2015-2020年) の分析
- 3つの神経外科センターからの地域データを使用して,パンデミック前 (2020年3月~2月) とパンデミック中に診断されたCYPの比較.
主要な成果:
- パンデミックの最初の年に全国的な脳腫瘍発症率は変化しなかった.
- 最も一般的な腫瘍のタイプには,低度性膠原腫,髄膜芽細胞腫および上皮腫が含まれています.
- 診断時の症状,合併症の発生率,または疫病前と疫病後の診断コホート間の悪い結果において,有意な差異は認められなかった. 診断と治療までの時間は同じでした.
結論:
- これは,新しい脳腫瘍診断でCYPに対するパンデミックの影響を調査した英国初の研究です.
- パンデミック中に診断されたCYPは,比較可能な臨床表現,診断時間,治療期間,および結果を示した.
- 急性小児神経腫瘍学サービスは,パンデミックに関連した制限とサービスの適応の中で回復力を示しました.
関連する概念動画
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue
Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Brain Imaging
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Coronavirus
Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Cryptococcal Meningitis
Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Encephalitis l: Introduction
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction
A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...


