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関連する概念動画

Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively...
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Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

9.5K
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
9.5K
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

33.2K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

3.9K
Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
3.9K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

5.1K
All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute...
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An Automated Method to Perform The In Vitro Micronucleus Assay using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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微核 の 運命

Henning Hintzsche1, Helga Stopper2

  • 1Department of Food Safety, Institute of Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. henning.hintzsche@uni-bonn.de.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 30, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

細胞分裂時に形成されるクロマチンの体であるマイクロ核は,挤出,再結合,分解,持続などの運命が知られている. 生物学的関連性と転移後の運命は,最近の研究されている分野です.

キーワード:
染色体不安定性DNA 損傷マイクロ核細胞マイクロ核転移後の運命

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An Automated Method to Perform The In Vitro Micronucleus Assay using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学
  • 遺伝学

背景:

  • マイクロ核は,ミトーシス中に形成され,細胞質に含まれる小さなクロマチンの構造です.
  • 微核は"世紀以上前から知られており バイオマーカーとして何十年も使われてきました
  • 最近の研究は,微核の生物学的関連性と転移後の運命に焦点を当てている.

研究 の 目的:

  • 微核が形成された後の 既知の運命を概説する.
  • 微粒子の生物学的関連性を議論する.
  • マイクロ核の転移後の進化を 強調するためです

主な方法:

  • マイクロ核の形成と運命に関する研究の文献レビュー.
  • 細胞環境内のマイクロ核について報告された結果の分析.
  • マイクロ核の生物学的影響に関する現在の理解の統合.

主要な成果:

  • マイクロ核の4つの主要な運命を特定した. 挤出,再組み,分解,持続.
  • ほとんどのマイクロ核は,通常,大きな変化なしに存在します.
  • 約25%のマイクロ核は,その後の細胞分裂時に主核に再組み込まれます.
  • 劣化と挤出は,特定の条件下で発生する稀な出来事です.

結論:

  • 微核は異なった転移後の運命を表し,持続と再結合が最も一般的です.
  • バイオマーカーとしての役割は確立されていますが,マイクロ核の完全な生物学的な意義は,まだ研究中です.
  • マイクロ核の運命のメカニズム的基盤は,さらなる解明を必要としています.