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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems
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ヒトの胃腸状態をシミュレートした2,6-ジクロルベンゾキノンの生体変異と毒性の弱化:体系的なin vitro研究からの洞察

Lili Zheng1, Guolong Chen2, Kuangtao Fu3

  • 1College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China.

Journal of hazardous materials
|August 30, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

この研究では,小腸の代謝で 2,6-ジクロルベンゾキノン (2,6-DCBQ) という有毒な飲料水汚染物質を大幅に解毒することが示されています. コロンの代謝は効果が低く,一部の副産物は変異性の可能性を保持しています.

キーワード:
2,6-ジクロルベンゾキノン (2,6-DCBQ)消毒副産物 (DBP)消化器系メタボリック変換毒性の評価

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Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
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Glutathione, a tripeptide made up of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, is a critical player in the detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics via a process known as glutathione conjugation or mercapturic acid formation. This phase II biotransformation reaction involves the covalent binding of glutathione to a drug or its metabolite, enhancing the compound's water solubility and enabling its excretion.
Several distinctive characteristics distinguish glutathione conjugation from other phase II...
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Phase II Reactions: Miscellaneous Conjugation Reactions01:19

Phase II Reactions: Miscellaneous Conjugation Reactions

Phase II biotransformations are detoxification mechanisms that conjugate xenobiotics with endogenous substances, neutralizing their toxicity.
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Phase II Reactions: Glucuronidation

Glucuronidation, a pivotal phase II biotransformation process, involves the coupling of glucuronic acid to a drug or xenobiotic. Given its widespread occurrence and critical role in drug metabolism, it's considered the most crucial phase II reaction. It enhances the water solubility of substances, aiding their expulsion from the body. The driving force behind these reactions is a group of enzymes known as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). UGTs facilitate the transfer of a glucuronic acid...
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Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions

Phase II reactions are essential for the detoxification and elimination of drugs from the body. These reactions involve the conjugation of parent drugs or their phase I metabolites with endogenous molecules, resulting in more hydrophilic drug conjugates. The primary conjugation reactions in this phase are sulfation and glucuronidation. Both sulfation and glucuronidation typically produce biologically inactive metabolites. However, in some cases involving prodrugs, active metabolites may be...
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When a drug is taken orally, it undergoes a journey starting from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, passing through the portal vein, reaching the liver, and finally entering the systemic circulation. This process involves the absorption of the drug across the GI tract. The liver is the primary site for metabolizing the drug, with some metabolism also occurring in the gut wall. This journey significantly reduces the quantity of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation, a phenomenon known as...
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