米国における薬物注射者の間で認識されるHIVの汚名を予測する要因
Itunu Sokale1,2, Paige Wermuth3, Johnny Wilkerson4
1Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. Itunu.Sokale@bcm.edu.
Harm reduction journal
|August 30, 2025
まとめ
薬物注射者 (PWID) の HIV ステータスによって認識される HIV スティグマ (PHS) の予測要因は異なります. 注射器サービスプログラム (SSP) と薬物使用治療はHIVの汚名を減らすのに役立ちます.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 流行病学
- 社会科学
背景:
- HIVの恥辱は HIVの流行を食い止める努力を大きく妨げています
- 薬物注射者 (PWID) などの高リスクグループにおける汚名を予測する要因を理解することは,効果的な介入の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 米国の23の都市におけるPWIDの多様なサンプルの中で,認識されるHIVの汚名 (PHS) に関連する要因を特定する.
- HIV ステータス (HIV ネガティブ,HIV 陽性 無意識,HIV 陽性 意識) に基づいて PHS の予測因子がどのように異なるかを分析する.
主な方法:
- 18歳以上のPWIDからの2018年全国HIV行動監視データの分析.
- 不友好,差別,罰,サポートを測定する検証された調査を使用してPHSの評価.
- 概括された線形モデル (ポアソン回帰) を用いて,PHS予測因子に対する調整された流行比率 (aPR) を決定する統計分析.
主要な成果:
- PHSの流行率は,HIVステータスグループ全体で一貫していた (約53%).
- PHSの予測値は,HIV状態によって有意に変化した.
- HIV陰性PWIDの予測要因には,高齢者,女性,ヒスパニック/他の人種/民族,ホームレス,受容性注射器の共有,最近のHIV検査なし,薬物使用治療とSSP参加が保護的でした.
- HIV陽性で未知のPWIDの場合,過去1年間のホームレスと投獄はPHSと関連していました.
- HIV陽性で意識のあるPWIDの予測要因には,若い年齢 (30〜39歳),女性,ヒスパニック系,投獄,および過去年のSSP参加が含まれています.
結論:
- HIV ステグマに寄与する要因は 個人のHIV ステータスによって異なります
- 注射器サービスプログラム (SSP) と薬物使用治療プログラムは,PWIDの間でHIVの汚名を和らげるための重要なリソースです.
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