発達中の身体における言語の発達:幼児の総運動行動と自己ケア/象徴的行動と言語能力の発達との遺伝的関連
Ellen Verhoef1, Lucía de Hoyos1, Fenja Schlag1
1Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
まとめ
初期の運動能力と 後の自己管理行動には 遺伝的つながりがありますが 自己管理能力だけが 言語の発達に 遺伝的影響を与えるのです これは言語の習得に影響を与える 発達的なカスケードを示唆している.
科学分野:
- 発達心理学
- 行動 の 遺伝
- 小児科
背景:
- 幼児期に粗末な運動能力を習得し 幼児期に自己管理を習得すると 言語習得に影響を与える 発達的な変化が起こります
- 遺伝的基盤を調査するこの研究は,子どもたちの環境との相互作用を容易にする共有または"ゲートウェイ"メカニズムを探索しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 乳児の総運動能力,自己ケア/象徴的な行動,およびその後の言語発達との遺伝的および非遺伝的関係を調べる.
- 共通の遺伝要因が 運動能力,自己ケア,言語に影響するか 異なる遺伝経路が関与しているかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 親と子供のエイヴォン長期研究 (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) で,遺伝子型が決定された子供 (N≤7,017) のデータを利用した.
- 言語能力の予測因子として,遺伝的な赤ん坊の総運動能力 (6ヶ月) と自己ケア/象徴能力 (15ヶ月) を評価した.
- 構造方程式モデリング (SEM) と遺伝子関係マトリックス構造方程式モデリング (GRM-SEM) を採用し,発達関係を解剖した.
主要な成果:
- 総運動能力と自己ケア/象徴的な行動は,わずかに遺伝する (h2=0.18).
- 総運動能力は,自己ケア/象徴的な行動と遺伝的影響を共有しますが,言語能力と直接には関係ありません.
- 初期の運動能力とは無関係な自己ケア/象徴的な行動に対する遺伝的影響は,異なる年齢の窓におけるすべての言語要因と有意に関連していました.
結論:
- 初期の運動行動と後の自己ケア行動を結びつける遺伝的プロセスは 自己ケア行動を言語能力に結びつけるものとは異なる.
- 発見は 発展のカスケードモデルを支持します 運動制御は 社会的関与を促進し 社会的学習を通じて 言語の発達を促進します
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