生ヤギミルクにおける有毒および潜在的に有毒な金属のリスク評価:グローバルデータと環境要因のシステマティック・レビュー
Arlen Carvalho de Oliveira Almeida1,2,3,4,5, Paloma Almeida Rodrigues1,2,3,6, Marion Pereira da Costa5
1Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety
|September 1, 2025
まとめ
生ヤギの牛乳の安全性は,有毒元素のレベルが異なるため不明です. このレビューでは,鉛とクロムによるリスクが強調され,汚染が安全限度を超えており,よりよいモニタリングが必要であることが示されています.
科学分野:
- 環境化学
- 食品の安全性
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 羊のミルクは世界的に重要な食糧源です.
- 毒性や微量元素に関する安全性は十分に確立されていません.
- 地域や環境の違いによって 人間の被曝リスクの評価は複雑になる.
研究 の 目的:
- 生ヤギミルクにおける有毒性および微量元素に関する証拠を体系的に検討し,合成する.
- 確立された安全基準に基づいて,ヒトへの被曝リスクを評価する.
- 生産システムと環境が元素の汚染に及ぼす影響を特定する.
主な方法:
- アジア,ヨーロッパ,北アフリカの20の研究を体系的に検討した.
- 有毒金属 (As,Pb,Cd,Hg) と必須元素 (Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Al) の定量化について
- 世界保健機関 (WHO),欧州食品安全庁 (EFSA),国際医学研究所 (IOM) の基準値と比較した量化要素と推定摂取量.
主要な成果:
- 異なる地域や生産システムにおける元素の濃度の大きな異質性
- アルジェリアの農村部では鉛濃度が高く,イランの農村部ではクロム濃度が高く
- 小児の推定の日々の摂取量は安全レベルを超え,標的の危険因数 (THQ) と危険指数 (HI) の値は安全基準より2桁高い.
結論:
- 生ヤギの乳は 慢性的に有毒な元素に 曝露される要因として 変わっていても 一貫しています
- 既存の監視枠組みと規制基準は不十分です
- 化学品の監視と農業生態学と公衆衛生の戦略を組み合わせた 統合されたリスク評価は極めて重要です
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