米国におけるアルツハイマー病の認知症の流行における建築環境と社会的環境の役割:機械学習のアプローチ
Mackenzie Kramer1, Alexander V Alekseyenko2, Abe Mollalo2
1College of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
|September 1, 2025
まとめ
地域によって異なるアルツハイマー病の認知症の流行に 建築環境と社会的脆弱性が大きく影響します 都市部では建築環境の要因が重要で,社会的な脆弱性は恵まれない地域ではより重要だ.
科学分野:
- 環境 健康
- 流行病学について
- ゲロントロジー
背景:
- アルツハイマー病 (AD) の認知症の負担と,建築環境 (BE) とコミュニティの社会的脆弱性を結びつける新しい証拠があります.
- 認知症の負担に関する BEと社会的な脆弱性指数 (SVI) の全国的および地域的予測力はまだ十分に研究されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 郡レベルのBEとSVIの変数と全米におけるAD認知症の流行の横断的な関連を調べる.
- 米国各地域における主要な予測変数を特定する.
主な方法:
- エクストリーム・グラディエント・ブースト (XGBoost) とランダム・フォレスト (RF) のモデルを国内および地域的に適用した.
- BEとSVIの組み合わせを用いた.
- SHAPLEY ADDITIVE EXPLANATIONS (SHAP) を用いて評価した変数の重要性
主要な成果:
- AD認知症の有病率は地域によって大きく異なっています.
- XGBoostのモデルは RFのモデルを常に上回りました
- 予測精度は北東 (R2=0.92),南 (R2=0.73),西 (R2=0.72),中西 (R2=0.72) で最高でした.
- 北東部では,BEの変数 (食料品店の密度,歩行可能) が最も影響力がありました.
- 南部ではSVI変数が モデルのパフォーマンスを大幅に改善しました
- 中西部と西部では,BEとSVIの変数がより均等に寄与した.
結論:
- 都市化地域 (北東) で建築環境の要因がより影響を与える.
- 社会的脆弱性指数の変数は,社会経済的に不利な地域 (南) でより大きな役割を果たします.
- AD認知症の負担に対処するために地域特有の介入の必要性を強調します.
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