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インドのタミルナードゥ州のヴェローラとラニペットで,大気汚染と呼吸器疾患のリスクの増加との関連: 遡及的研究

Radha Saraswathy¹, Aswathi Pootheri¹, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan²

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, 120TT Biomedical Genetics Research Lab (BMGRL), Vellore, India.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

|September 1, 2025

まとめ

工業地域や交通量が多い地域での高濃度の粒子状物質 (PM₁₀とPM_2.5) に曝露することは,呼吸器疾患の増加と関連しています. 空気の質管理はこれらの地域の公衆衛生にとって極めて重要です.

科学分野:

環境科学
公衆衛生
流行病学

背景:

大気汚染は様々な病気に関連した世界的な健康問題であり,産業や交通による排出が原因で発生率が上昇しています.
汚染によって引き起こされる病気の変化する危険因子は不明であり, 暴露された全ての個人が病気になるわけではありません.
特定の汚染物質と健康上の結果の関係を理解することは,標的を絞った介入にとって極めて重要です.

研究の目的:

インドのタミルナードゥ州の産業 (ラニペット) と交通量が高い地域 (ヴェローラ) の空気質データと呼吸器疾患の発生率を分析する.
PM_2.5,PM₁₀,NO_x,SO₂,CO,O₃,NH₃を含む主要な大気汚染物質の統計的行動とその相関性を調査する.
呼吸器疾患の空間的分布と大気汚染レベルとの相関を決定する.

主な方法:

2020年1月から2024年1月までの2つのモニタリングステーション (ラニペットとヴェローラ) から空気の質データを収集し分析しました.
3549人の患者を検診し,発症率を評価した.
汚染物質と病気の関係を調べるために,相関マトリックス分析と空間分布分析を使用した.

主要な成果:

両駅とも,PM₁₀とPM_2.5が最も顕著である大気汚染物質の濃度が高く記録されました.
ヴェローラ駅: PM₁₀ 66.4 μg/m³, PM_2.5 34.4 μg/m³, AQI 69.4 ラニペット駅: PM₁₀ 37.3 μg/m³, PM_2.5 30.3 μg/m³, AQI 47.9
汚染物質の間には相関関係があり,相互の影響があることが示された. 呼吸器疾患は都市化や工業化地域で集中しており,特にPM₁₀とPM_2.5の汚染レベルと強く相関しています.

結論:

環境空気の汚染物質,特にPM₁₀とPM_2.5の濃度が高いことは,呼吸器疾患のより高い罹患率と関連しています.
空気の質が悪い都市や産業地域では,長期にわたる曝露により,呼吸器疾患を発症するリスクが高くなります.
発見は,健康上のリスクを軽減するための強化された空気質管理戦略の緊急必要性を強調しています.

キーワード:

大気汚染物質空気質指数 (AQI)汚染呼吸器疾患環境汚染物質

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