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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
Published on: January 9, 2016
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低出生体重,小児の逆境,自然災害との関連性
Shuhei Terada1, Yuto Maeda1, Pamela J Surkan2
1Department of Public Health, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Journal of developmental origins of health and disease
|September 2, 2025
まとめ
低出生体重 (LBW) と多発性不良経験 (ACE) の子供は遅延ディスカウント (DD) の減少を示し,適応的なリソース検索戦略を示唆しています. これは 早期の逆境に反応する報酬システムを示しています
科学分野:
- 発達心理学
- 行動経済学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 健康と病気の発達起源 (DOHaD) 仮説は,人生の初期状態が後の健康に影響を及ぼすと仮定しています.
- 低出生体重 (LBW) は,個人が補償資源を求めるようにプログラムすることができます.
- 遅延ディスコント (DD) は,遅延した報酬よりも即時の報酬を好むことであり,早期の逆境によって潜在的に影響を受ける重要な行動経済概念です.
研究 の 目的:
- 低出生体重 (LBW) が子供に遅延ディスカウント (DD) を与える影響を調査する.
- LBW-DDの関係に対する不良の子供時代の経験 (ACE) と自然災害の影響を調べる.
- LBWの子供たちが 早期の欠乏と逆境に反応して 報酬を求める行動の変化を示すかどうかを調べる
主な方法:
- 東日本大震災 (GEJE) の影響を受けた地域から167人の子供 (平均年齢8.3歳) を対象とした前向きなコホート研究.
- LBW,ACE (GEJE以前の) とトラウマ地震体験の評価は,ベースラインアンケート (2012年) を利用した.
- 2014年のDDの評価は,トークンベースの実験を使用して,即時 (1個のキャンディを今) と遅延 (1ヶ月で2個のキャンディ) の報酬を比較しました.
主要な成果:
- LBWと3つ以上のACEを持つ子供は,遅延値下げ (DD) が著しく低いことを示しました.
- 東日本大震災 (GEJE) に関するトラウマ体験はDDと関連していなかった.
- この発見は,人生の初期要素 (LBW,ACE) と報酬に基づく意思決定の複雑な相互作用を示唆しています.
結論:
- 低出生体重 (LBW) と多発的な不良経験 (ACE) は,遅延ディスカウント (DD) の減少につながる可能性があります.
- これは 早期に重大な逆境に直面する子供たちが 将来の資源獲得を優先させるための適応戦略を 開発する可能性があることを示唆しています
- 大規模な自然災害に曝された後でさえも 幼少期の逆境に反応する報酬システムを 強調しています
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