南アフリカ の 黒人 の 呼吸器 を 使っ て いる 人 の 頭 と 顔 の 寸法
Jeanneth Manganyi1,2, David Rees1,2, Lisa M Brosseau3
1National Institute for Occupational Health, a Division of National Health Laboratory Service, 25 Hospital Street, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Annals of work exposures and health
|September 2, 2025
まとめ
南アフリカ系黒人の呼吸器使用者の顔の大きさはアメリカ人と中国人の顔と大きく異なります. これは,現在の呼吸器が適切に装着できず,南アフリカの黒人労働者が空気中の危険から無防備になる可能性があることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 労働衛生について
- 人体測定法
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 南アフリカの多くの労働者は,空気中の危険から身を守るため,呼吸器に依存しています.
- 既存の呼吸器の設計は,しばしば南アフリカ人以外の集団からの人体測定データに基づいています.
- 南アフリカ系黒人の呼吸器使用者に対する特定の頭と顔の人体測定データの欠如は,適切な呼吸器の開発を妨げています.
研究 の 目的:
- 黒人の南アフリカ人呼吸器使用者の頭と顔のアンソポメトリックデータベースを確立する.
- 呼吸器適合試験に使用される既存の国際データベースとこれらの寸法を比較する.
- 呼吸器の設計と選択を基に,この集団の保護を向上させる.
主な方法:
- 記述的および分析的横断的な研究は,ガウテンゲの693人の黒人南アフリカ人呼吸器使用者に対して実施された.
- 米国国立労働安全衛生研究所 (NIOSH) が推奨する 13 つの顔面の寸法が測定されました.
- 測定テープとキャリパーを含む伝統的な人体測定ツールが利用され,データ分析は学生のtテストを使用した.
主要な成果:
- 黒人南アフリカ人男性と女性の顔面寸法と,中国人とアメリカ人の呼吸器使用者の顔面寸法には統計的に有意な違いが見られた.
- 最大の不一致は頭周回,首周回,最小の正面幅で確認された.
- 顔の幅と鼻の突起は,アメリカのNIOSH 2007フィットテストパネルと比較して有意な違いを示さない唯一の寸法でした.
結論:
- 南アフリカの黒人呼吸器使用者の顔のアンソポメトリーは,アメリカ人と中国人とは異なる.
- 現在の国際適合試験パネルを用いて設計され,テストされた呼吸器は,南アフリカの黒人を適切に収容できない可能性があります.
- 代表的な設計寸法がないため不適切なフィットは,南アフリカの労働力の重要な部分の呼吸器の保護を危うくする可能性があります.
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